Experiências de familiares de crianças e adolescentes, após o término do tratamento contra câncer: subsídios para o cuidado de enfermagem

The survival of children and adolescents with cancer has increased in recent years. Researchers and professionals in the health area have prioritized studies on the delayed effects of the treatment and quality of life of the survivors. This study aims to understand how parents and other family members of children and adolescents with cancer, experience the completion of the treatment. This descriptive and exploratory study adopted a qualitative methodological approach. A total of ten families whose children had completed the cancer treatment and were in follow-up in a hospital-school were selected for the study. The data were organized in two thematic axes: the memory % what was experienced and the present % what is being experienced. The study evidenced the participants' vitality to survive the treatment and fragility to live after it. The results allowed identifying aspects that need intervention, aiming at the improvement of quality of life of children, adolescents and the whole family after the end of the treatment.La sobrevivencia de niños y adolescentes con cáncer viene aumentando en los últimos años. Investigadores y profesionales del área de la salud han establecido como prioridad, estudios sobre los efectos tardíos del tratamiento y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender como las familias de niños y adolescentes con cáncer vivencian el término del tratamiento. El estudio es de naturaleza descriptivo- exploratoria con análisis cualitativo de los datos. Participaron diez familias de niños y adolescentes en la etapa final de su tratamiento seguido dentro de un hospital-escuela. Los resultados fueron organizados en dos ejes temáticos: la memoria- lo que fue vivido y el presente- lo que se vive. Con este estudio, se evidenció la vitalidad de los participantes para terminar el tratamiento y la fragilidad de vivir posterior al mismo. Los resultados permiten identificar aspectos que requieren de intervención, teniendo como objetivo una mejor calidad de vida para los niños, adolescentes y para su familia, posterior al tratamiento.A sobrevida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Pesquisadores e profissionais da área de saúde têm estabelecido como prioridade estudos sobre os efeitos tardios do tratamento e qualidade de vida dos sobreviventes. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como as famílias de crianças e adolescentes com câncer vivenciam a experiência do término do tratamento. O estudo é de natureza descritivo-exploratória com análise qualitativa dos dados. Participaram dez famílias de crianças e adolescentes na fase de término do tratamento que estavam em acompanhamento em um hospital-escola. Os dados foram organizados em dois eixos temáticos: a memória - o que foi vivido e o presente - o que se vive. Com esse estudo, evidenciou-se a vitalidade dos participantes de sobreviver ao tratamento e a tenuidade de viver após ele. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar aspectos que necessitam de intervenção, objetivando a melhoria da qualidade de vida de crianças, adolescentes e da própria família, após o término do tratamento

Traumatismo dentário e o desempenho de atividades diárias em adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul

Introdução: O traumatismo dentário está entre um dos principais problemas de saúde bucal, apresentando grande importância no contexto de saúde pública. Sua prevalência em adolescentes varia entre 4 e 30% e podem ter grande impacto tanto no sentido físico, quanto no sentido emocional e psicológico. Objetivo: Descrever como o traumatismo dentário se apresenta em adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul, sua prevalência, dentes mais afetados, associações do traumatismo dentário com fatores socieconômicos e seu impacto no desempenho de atividades diárias. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com escolares entre 12 anos e 15 e 19 anos de idade em 36 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi de 3.160 escolares. Foi realizado exame clínico e aplicado fichas de availação de dados socioeconômicos(sexo, renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe) e dados relacionados ao impacto da saúde bucal no desempenho de atividades diárias, baseadas no intrumento “Oral Impact on Daily Performance” (OIDP). Resultados: De todos escolares avaliados, 3037 responderam todas questões relacionadas ao OIDP. A prevalência do traumatismo foi de 18,3%. Destes, 71,8% apresentaram só um dente traumatizado, sendo o incisivo central superior esquerdo afetado com maior frequência. Foi estatisticamente significativo para presença de trauma ser do sexo masculino e as questões relacionadas ao OIDP “deixar de sair e se divertir”, “dificuldade de falar” e “vergonha de falar ou sorrir”. Os adolescentes que apresentavam traumatismo dentário tinham 80% mais chance de “ deixar de sair”, uma chance 54% maior de ter “ vergonha de sorrir ou falar” e 57% mais chance de ter “dificuldade de falar”. Discussão: Estes resultados evidenciam o impacto de fatores associados à estética dentária na atividade diária dos adolescentes. O corpo, para os adolescentes, muitas vezes assume um importante papel na aceitação ou rejeição por parte do grupo. Deste modo, o traumatismo dentário, também pode desencadear problemas de autoestima e baixo desempenho escolar. Os resultados aqui encontrados em relação a prevalência do traumatismo, dente mais acometido, e maior chance de trauma em indivíduos do sexo masculino são semelhantes aos encontrados em outros estudos nacionais e internacionais. Em contrapartida, a relação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e o trauma não é consenso na literatura. Neste estudo as variáveis “renda familiar” e “escolaridade da mãe” não tiveram relação estatisticamente significativa com o traumatismo. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demostram a relevância do traumastismo dentário como problema de saúde pública e que sua presença afetou o desempenho de atividades diárias dos adolescentes. Mais estudos sobre o tema, com desenhos mais robustos, tornam-se necessários.Introduction: Dental trauma is among one of the leading oral health problems, with great importance in the public health context. Its prevalence in adolescents ranges from 4 to 30% and can greatly impact both in the physical sense and in the emotional and psychological sense. Objective: To describe how dental trauma is present in adolescents Rio Grande do Sul, its prevalence, most affected teeth, dental trauma associations with Socieconomic factors and their impact on performance of daily activities. Methods: A cross-sectional study of schoolchildren between 12 years and 15 and 19 years of age in 36 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State The sample was 3,160 students. We performed clinical examination and applied availação sheets of socioeconomic data (gender, family income, maternal education) and data relating to the impact of oral health in the performance of daily activities, based on instrument "Oral Impact on Daily Performance" (OIDP). Results: Of all schoolchildren, only 3037 answered all questions related to OIDP. The prevalence of injury was 18.3%. Of these, 71.8% had only a traumatized tooth, being the upper left central incisor affected more frequently. Was statistically significant for the presence of trauma being male and issues related to OIDP "let go and have fun," "difficult to speak" and "ashamed to talk or smile." The students who had dental trauma were 80% more likely to "let out" a chance 54% more likely to have "embarrassed to smile or talk" and 57% more likely to have "difficulty speaking." Discussion: These results show the impact of factors associated with dental aesthetics in daily activity of students. The body, for teens, often plays an important role in the acceptance or rejection by the group this way, dental trauma, can also trigger self-esteem problems and poor school performance. The present results regarding the prevalence of trauma, most affected tooth, and greater chance of trauma in males are similar to those found in other national and international studies. However, the relationship between sociodemographic and trauma is no consensus in the literature. In this study the variables "family income" and "mother's education" had no statistically significant relationship with the trauma. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the importance of dental traumastismo as a public health problem and that their presence can affect the performance of daily activities of adolescents. More studies on the subject, with more robust designs, become necessários

The link between selfing and greater dispersibility in a heterocarpic Asteraceae

Premise of the Study: Although an evolutionary link between breeding system and dispersibility has been proposed, to date empirical data and theoretical models of plants show contrasting trends. Methods: We tested two competing hypotheses for the association between breeding systems and dispersibility in the heterocarpic Hypochaeris salzmanniana (Asteraceae) by using both an experimental approach and surveys over 2 years of five natural populations along an environmental cline with a gradient of pollinator availability. Key Results: Hypochaeris salzmanniana produced two types of fruits, beaked (BF) and nonbeaked (NBF), which differ in their dispersal ability. The BF were lighter and had a lower dropping velocity and higher dispersal distance than the NBF. Potential for long-distance dispersal, measured as BF ratio per head, had high narrow-sense heritability. Greater dispersibility and selfing ability were linked at all the scales studied. Both selfed BF and NBF fruits had longer plumes and lower plume loading than outcrossed fruits, characteristics that promote farther dispersal. Natural populations with a higher percentage of self-compatible plants showed a higher BF ratio. Moreover, selfing led to a higher BF ratio than outcrossing. Conclusions: The avoidance of inbreeding depression seems to be the most plausible selective pressure for the greater dispersibility traits of selfed seeds. Furthermore, the ability to modulate the BF ratio and thus the potential for long-distance dispersal of offspring based on its selfed or outcrossed origin could be advantageous, and therefore selected, under unpredictable pollination environments that favor higher dispersive selfers, which overcome both pollen limitation and inbreeding avoidance.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2012- 33270, CGL2015- 63827, CGL2015- 66161-

Afferent Connections to the Rostrolateral Part of the Periaqueductal Gray: A Critical Region Influencing the Motivation Drive to Hunt and Forage

Previous studies have shown that a particular site in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the rostrolateral PAG, influences the motivation drive to forage or hunt. To have a deeper understanding on the putative paths involved in the decision-making process between foraging, hunting, and other behavioral responses, in the present investigation, we carried out a systematic analysis of the neural inputs to the rostrolateral PAG (rlPAG), using Fluorogold as a retrograde tracer. According to the present findings, the rlPAG appears to be importantly driven by medial prefrontal cortical areas involved in controlling attention-related and decision-making processes. Moreover, the rlPAG also receives a wealth of information from different amygdalar, hypothalamic, and brainstem sites related to feeding, drinking, or hunting behavioral responses. Therefore, this unique combination of afferent connections puts the rlPAG in a privileged position to influence the motivation drive to choose whether hunting and foraging would be the most appropriate adaptive responses

Envejeciendo con Dignidad

Tablas, anexosEste estudio está basado en las diferentes problemáticas reales que se presentan al interior de las familias de las personas que asisten a la casa Palermo (Secretaria Distrital de Integración Social), en donde se utilizan Instrumentos de recolección de información como metaplán (para hacer un diagnostico rápido participativo), en el cual la población objeto, visibiliza y visualiza los posibles problemas que se presentan en el ámbito familiar. De la misma forma se hace una investigación que servirá para diseñar una propuesta de intervención para tratar el maltrato y las problemáticas que inciden en este, profundizando y estableciendo relaciones causales entre las diversas categorías que allí se presentan, que sirva como instrumento para implementar en la Casa de Integración Social Palermo con las personas que asisten y sus familias. Limitaciones que se han presentado son: la dificultad con el permiso para trabajar con el 20 % de los adultos mayores de la casa Palermo, debido al problema de tiempo y espacio en cuanto a las reuniones con la Directora y la población muestra de los adultos mayores. De otra parte los alcances están dirigidos a la obtención de la información relevante en el proceso de sensibilización ante el tema de la escasa comunicación asertiva, al reconocimiento de los factores influyentes en el maltrato familiar.No Abstrac

Peritoneal dialysis associated-peritonitis: a preventable complication

Peritoneal dialysis is useful renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. Latin America has 30% of the world population in peritoneal dialysis and within these countries Mexico covers 73% of them. In our country, the Mexican institute of social security (IMSS by its Spanish acronym) serves more than half of the Mexican population that requires renal replacement therapy. In 2014 it represented 15% of total annual cost of the institution. Peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis is the main complication seen in this renal replacement therapy with morbidity and mortality from 2 to 6%. The epidemiology of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis varies according to the continent, country and dialysis center. The rate of peritonitis per year of each center reflects their quality of care. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis impact in the quality of life of the patient, the success of renal replacement therapy, public health costs and associated mortality. This review addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of peritonitis, focused on the procedures for improving the standards of care

Análisis del throughput en una red LTE-A con el modelo SPM calibrado y distintas estrategias del packet Schedulling

Presenta un modelo de propagación estándar para una red LTE de 15 sitos ubicados en la ciudad de Managua la cual se encuentra desplegada en la banda 2 FDD, el modelo de propagación estándar se calibrara para realizar el analices del desempeño del throughput ya que un modelo calibrado permite realizar estimaciones más reales del desempeño de red y un segundo propósito evaluar el desempeño de tráfico de los usuarios de una red

Delirium in the Acute Care Setting: Occupational Therapy’s Role in Delirium Management and Prevention

Objectives Explain delirium and its prevalence in the hospital setting Identify the role of occupational therapy in treatment of acute care patients with delirium Apply evidence-based interventions that address and prevent delirium in the acute care setting PICO QuestionWhat is the role of occupational therapy in delirium management for patients in the acute care setting

Exposure of young rats to diphenyl ditelluride during lactation affects the homeostasis of the cytoskeleton in neural cells from striatum and cerebellum

AbstractIn the present report we examined the effect of maternal exposure to diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 (0.01mg/kg body weight) during the first 14 days of lactational period on the activity of some protein kinases targeting the cytoskeleton of striatum and cerebellum of their offspring. We analyzed the phosphorylating system associated with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament of low, medium and high molecular weight (NF-L, NF-M and NF-H, respectively) of pups on PND 15, 21, 30 and 45. We found that (PhTe)2 induced hyperphosphorylation of all the proteins studied on PND 15 and 21, recovering control values on PND 30 and 45. The immunocontent of GFAP, NF-L, NF-M and NF-H in the cerebellum of 15-day-old pups was increased. Western blot assays showed activation/phosphorylation of Erk1/2 on PND 21 and activation/phosphorylation of JNK on PND 15. Otherwise, p38MAPK was not activated in the striatum of (PhTe)2 exposed pups. On the other hand, the cerebellum of pups exposed to (PhTe)2 presented activated/phosphorylated Erk1/2 on PND 15 and 21 as well as activated/phosphorylated p38MAPK on PND 21, while JNK was not activated. Western blot assays showed that both in the striatum and in the cerebellum of (PhTe)2 exposed pups, the immunocontent of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAcα) was increased on PND 15. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of NF-L Ser55 and NF-M/NF-H KSP repeats was increased in the striatum and cerebellum of both 15- and 21-day-old pups exposed to (PhTe)2. Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, the selenium analog of (PhTe)2, prevented (PhTe)2-induced hyperphosphorylation of striatal intermediate filament (IF) proteins but it failed to prevent the action of (PhTe)2 in cerebellum. Western blot assay showed that the (PhSe)2 prevented activation/phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK and PKAcα but did not prevent the stimulatory effect of (PhTe)2 on p38MAPK in cerebellum at PND 21. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dam exposure to low doses of (PhTe)2 can alter cellular signaling targeting the cytoskeleton of striatum and cerebellum in the offspring in a spatiotemporal manner, which can be related to the neurotoxic effects of (PhTe)2