15,978 research outputs found
Symplectic-energy-momentum preserving variational integrators
The purpose of this paper is to develop variational integrators for conservative mechanical systems that are symplectic and energy and momentum conserving. To do this, a space–time view of variational integrators is employed and time step adaptation is used to impose the constraint of conservation of energy. Criteria for the solvability of the time steps and some numerical examples are given
Frictional Collisions Off Sharp Objects
This work develops robust contact algorithms capable of dealing with multibody nonsmooth contact
geometries for which neither normals nor gap functions can be defined. Such situations arise
in the early stage of fragmentation when a number of angular fragments undergo complex collision
sequences before eventually scattering. Such situations precludes the application of most contact
algorithms proposed to date
Asynchronous Variational Integrators
We describe a new class of asynchronous variational integrators (AVI) for nonlinear
elastodynamics. The AVIs are distinguished by the following attributes: (i)
The algorithms permit the selection of independent time steps in each element, and
the local time steps need not bear an integral relation to each other; (ii) the algorithms
derive from a spacetime form of a discrete version of Hamilton’s variational
principle. As a consequence of this variational structure, the algorithms conserve
local momenta and a local discrete multisymplectic structure exactly.
To guide the development of the discretizations, a spacetime multisymplectic
formulation of elastodynamics is presented. The variational principle used incorporates
both configuration and spacetime reference variations. This allows a unified
treatment of all the conservation properties of the system.A discrete version of reference
configuration is also considered, providing a natural definition of a discrete
energy. The possibilities for discrete energy conservation are evaluated.
Numerical tests reveal that, even when local energy balance is not enforced
exactly, the global and local energy behavior of the AVIs is quite remarkable, a
property which can probably be traced to the symplectic nature of the algorith
Variational integrators, the Newmark scheme, and dissipative systems
Variational methods are a class of symplectic-momentum integrators for ODEs. Using
these schemes, it is shown that the classical Newmark algorithm is structure preserving in a
non-obvious way, thus explaining the observed numerical behavior. Modifications to variational
methods to include forcing and dissipation are also proposed, extending the advantages
of structure preserving integrators to non-conservative systems
Nonsmooth Lagrangian mechanics and variational collision integrators
Variational techniques are used to analyze the problem of rigid-body dynamics with impacts. The theory of smooth Lagrangian mechanics is extended to a nonsmooth context appropriate for collisions, and it is shown in what sense the system is symplectic and satisfies a Noether-style momentum conservation theorem.
Discretizations of this nonsmooth mechanics are developed by using the methodology of variational discrete mechanics. This leads to variational integrators which are symplectic-momentum preserving and are consistent with the jump conditions given in the continuous theory. Specific examples of these methods are tested numerically, and the long-time stable energy behavior typical of variational methods is demonstrated
First observations and magnitude measurement of Starlink's Darksat
Measure the Sloan g' magnitudes of the Starlink's STARLINK-1130 (Darksat) and
1113 LEO communication satellites and determine the effectiveness of the
Darksat darkening treatment at 475.4\,nm. Two observations of the Starlink's
Darksat LEO communication satellite were conducted on 2020/02/08 and 2020/03/06
using a Sloan r' and g' filter respectively. While a second satellite,
STARLINK-1113 was observed on 2020/03/06 using a Sloan g' filter. The initial
observation on 2020/02/08 was a test observation when Darksat was still
manoeuvring to its nominal orbit and orientation. Based on the successful test
observation, the first main observation was conducted on 2020/03/06 along with
an observation of the second Starlink satellite. The calibration, image
processing and analysis of the Darksat Sloan g' image gives an estimated Sloan
g' magnitude of at a range of 976.50\,km. For STARLINK-1113 an
estimated Sloan g' magnitude of at a range of 941.62\,km was
found. When scaled to a range of 550\,km and corrected for the solar and
observer phase angles, a reduction by a factor of two is seen in the reflected
solar flux between Darksat and STARLINK-1113. The data and results presented in
this work, show that the special darkening coating used by Starlink for Darksat
has darkened the Sloan g' magnitude by \,mag, when the range is
equal to a nominal orbital height (550\,km). This result will serve members of
the astronomical community modelling the satellite mega-constellations, to
ascertain their true impact on both the amateur and professional astronomical
communities. Concurrent and further observations are planned to cover the full
optical and NIR spectrum, from an ensemble of instruments, telescopes and
observatories.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. 5 pages, 2 figures and 4
table
A subsystem-independent generalization of entanglement
We introduce a generalization of entanglement based on the idea that
entanglement is relative to a distinguished subspace of observables rather than
a distinguished subsystem decomposition. A pure quantum state is entangled
relative to such a subspace if its expectations are a proper mixture of those
of other states. Many information-theoretic aspects of entanglement can be
extended to the general setting, suggesting new ways of measuring and
classifying entanglement in multipartite systems. By going beyond the
distinguishable-subsystem framework, generalized entanglement also provides
novel tools for probing quantum correlations in interacting many-body systems.Comment: 5 pages, 1 encapsulated color figure, REVTeX4 styl
Machine learning techniques to select Be star candidates. An application in the OGLE-IV Gaia south ecliptic pole field
Statistical pattern recognition methods have provided competitive solutions
for variable star classification at a relatively low computational cost. In
order to perform supervised classification, a set of features is proposed and
used to train an automatic classification system. Quantities related to the
magnitude density of the light curves and their Fourier coefficients have been
chosen as features in previous studies. However, some of these features are not
robust to the presence of outliers and the calculation of Fourier coefficients
is computationally expensive for large data sets. We propose and evaluate the
performance of a new robust set of features using supervised classifiers in
order to look for new Be star candidates in the OGLE-IV Gaia south ecliptic
pole field. We calculated the proposed set of features on six types of variable
stars and on a set of Be star candidates reported in the literature. We
evaluated the performance of these features using classification trees and
random forests along with K-nearest neighbours, support vector machines, and
gradient boosted trees methods. We tuned the classifiers with a 10-fold
cross-validation and grid search. We validated the performance of the best
classifier on a set of OGLE-IV light curves and applied this to find new Be
star candidates. The random forest classifier outperformed the others. By using
the random forest classifier and colour criteria we found 50 Be star candidates
in the direction of the Gaia south ecliptic pole field, four of which have
infrared colours consistent with Herbig Ae/Be stars. Supervised methods are
very useful in order to obtain preliminary samples of variable stars extracted
from large databases. As usual, the stars classified as Be stars candidates
must be checked for the colours and spectroscopic characteristics expected for
them
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