Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Localized Irrigation Systems of Semiarid Regions(Castilla-La Mancha, Spain)

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 4 (2002): J.F. Ortega, J.M. Tarjuelo, and J.A. Juan. Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Localized Irrigation Systems of Semiarid Regions(Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Vol. IV. February 2002

Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: Oncohematological patient

Patients with cancer, irrespective of the stage of their disease, can require admission to the intensive care unit as a result of the complications of their underlying process or the surgical or pharmacological treatment provided. The cancer itself, as well as the critical status that can result from the complications of the disease, frequently lead to a high degree of hypermetabolism and inadequate energy intake, causing a high incidence of malnutrition in these patients. Moreover, cancer causes anomalous use of nutritional substrates and therefore the route of administration and proportion and intake of nutrients may differ in these patients from those in noncancer patients.Los pacientes portadores de cáncer, en cualquier fase de su evolución, pueden precisar ingreso en UCI como consecuencia de complicaciones secundarias a su enfermedad de base o de las terapias quirúrgicas o farmacológicas a que se ven sometidos para tratar su enfermedad. La propia enfermedad cancerosa, así como el estado crítico a que pueden derivar como consecuencia de las complicaciones sobreañadidas, con frecuencia condicionan un alto grado de hipermetabolismo y de déficit de ingesta nutricional, lo que conduce en estos enfermos a una alta incidencia de desnutrición. Además, la propia enfermedad cancerosa condiciona una utilización anómala de los sustratos nutritivos, lo que podría condicionar una vía de administración y una proporción y aporte de nutrientes algo diferenciado de los pacientes no tumorales

Glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component: A case report and considerations of fluorescence-guided surgery

Background: Glioblastoma with primitive neuronal components (GB/PNC) is an extremely rare type of glioblastoma characterized by presenting histological and cytogenetic features of both entities. The mixed nature of these tumors limits the imaging diagnosis and supposes a therapeutic dilemma. Case Description: We present the case of a 77-year-old female with a GB/PNC who is treated with surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy according to the STUPP protocol, where an abnormal uptake of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is evident during surgery in probable relation to the mixed nature of GB/PNC. Conclusion: GB/PNC is extremely rare tumors. Given its low prevalence, there are no studies that refer to the macroscopic characteristics of the tumor as well as evidence of the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment. Fluorescence-guided resection with 5-ALA is the surgical treatment of choice in surgery for high-grade gliomas; however, in GB/PNC, it may not be as useful since PNC may have less fluorescent marker uptake and be more dimly visualized when excited by light using the surgical microscope

Crecimiento y eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno en maíz de regadío en una región semiárida según la fertilización nitrogenada utilizada

The main groundwater pollution factor in irrigated maize production areas is leaching of nitrogen below the root zone. During the years 1999-2001, experiments were carried out on irrigated maize in the semiarid region of Castilla- La Mancha to evaluate the effect of nitrogen in the growth and yield of maize. Three rates of nitrogen were tested: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 and 130 kg N ha-1 in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively), and Nc (300 kg N ha-1). A high initial level of residual soil NO-3 was found in the spring of 1999 as a consequence of fertilization carryover from the previous years. Although there was no plant response to N fertilization in 1999, significant responses were obtained during the following two years. Moreover, in 2000, the grain production did not show significant differences between Nop and Nc. However, in 2001, maize yield was slightly decreased due to an attempt to decrease the Nop to 130 kg N ha-1, showing significant differences with regard to Nc. The differences in grain yield among nitrogen levels were mainly due to a significant variation in maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. There was a decreasing pattern in nitrogen use efficiency values with increasing fertilizer rates, indicating that crop production could be sustained with lower fertilizer applications. Fertilizer practices must be revised in order to control and prevent insofar as possible water pollution in "La-Mancha Oriental" aquifer.El principal contaminante del agua subterránea en las áreas de regadío cultivadas de maíz es la lixiviación del nitrógeno. Durante los años 1999 a 2001 se han realizado ensayos en maíz regado en la región semiárida de Castilla-La Mancha, con el objetivo de evaluar su producción y crecimiento ante tres dosis de nitrógeno: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 y 130 kg N ha-1 en 1999, 2000 y 2001, respectivamente), y Nc (300 kg N ha-1). El alto nivel inicial de NO-3 residual en el suelo durante la primavera de 1999, consecuencia de la fertilización anterior, propició la falta de respuesta a la fertilización con N. Sin embargo, se obtuvieron respuestas significativas los dos años siguientes. Además, en el año 2000, la producción de grano no registró diferencias significativas entre Nop y Nc. Sin embargo, disminuyó ligeramente la producción en el año 2001 al tratar de reducir la dosis óptima a 130 kg N ha-1, presentando diferencias significativas respecto a Nc. Este hecho fue debido, principalmente, a una variación significativa en el índice de área foliar máximo, la duración del área foliar y la tasa de crecimiento del cultivo. Las dosis más elevadas de fertilizante originaron una disminución de la eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno, por lo que la producción podría obtenerse con unos aportes menores de nitrógeno. Se debe revisar la fertilización para contribuir a controlar y prevenir, en la medida de lo posible, la contaminación en el acuífero de La Mancha Oriental

LAITOR - Literature Assistant for Identification of Terms co-Occurrences and Relationships

BACKGROUND: Biological knowledge is represented in scientific literature that often describes the function of genes/proteins (bioentities) in terms of their interactions (biointeractions). Such bioentities are often related to biological concepts of interest that are specific of a determined research field. Therefore, the study of the current literature about a selected topic deposited in public databases, facilitates the generation of novel hypotheses associating a set of bioentities to a common context. RESULTS: We created a text mining system (LAITOR: Literature Assistant for Identification of Terms co-Occurrences and Relationships) that analyses co-occurrences of bioentities, biointeractions, and other biological terms in MEDLINE abstracts. The method accounts for the position of the co-occurring terms within sentences or abstracts. The system detected abstracts mentioning protein-protein interactions in a standard test (BioCreative II IAS test data) with a precision of 0.82-0.89 and a recall of 0.48-0.70. We illustrate the application of LAITOR to the detection of plant response genes in a dataset of 1000 abstracts relevant to the topic. CONCLUSIONS: Text mining tools combining the extraction of interacting bioentities and biological concepts with network displays can be helpful in developing reasonable hypotheses in different scientific backgrounds

Switching ferroelectric domain configurations using both electric and magnetic fields in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–Pb(Fe,Ta)O3 single-crystal lamellae

Thin single-crystal lamellae cut from Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3)–Pb(Fe,Ta)O(3) ceramic samples have been integrated into simple coplanar capacitor devices. The influence of applied electric and magnetic fields on ferroelectric domain configurations has been mapped, using piezoresponse force microscopy. The extent to which magnetic fields alter the ferroelectric domains was found to be strongly history dependent: after switching had been induced by applying electric fields, the susceptibility of the domains to change under a magnetic field (the effective magnetoelectric coupling parameter) was large. Such large, magnetic field-induced changes resulted in a remanent domain state very similar to the remanent state induced by an electric field. Subsequent magnetic field reversal induced more modest ferroelectric switching

Understanding mountain soils : a contribution from mountain areas to the International Year of Soils 2015

A volcanic tuff rock known as cangahua (Ecuador) or tepetate (Mexico) is found throughout the Andes. Problems have arisen as the layers of light but fragile soil that once covered the tuff have been lost for both natural (environmental) reasons and because of over-cultivation. When the soil is gone, the tuff is impermeable and sterile. Now, a project in Ecuador has determined that the tuff itself can be reclaimed and is supporting a programme that sends bulldozers to the tuff regions to break up the rock and create a new fertile soil

Prediction of near field overpressure from quarry blasting

This paper investigates the propagation of airblast or pressure waves in air produced by bench blasting (i.e. detonation of the explosive in a row of blastholes, breaking the burden of rock towards the free vertical face of the block). Peak overpressure is calculated as a function of blasting parameters (explosive mass per delay and velocity at which the detonation sequence proceeds along the bench) and the polar coordinates of the position of interest (distance to the source and azimuth with respect to the free face). The model has been fitted to empirical data using linear least squares. The data set is composed of 122 airblast records monitored at distances less than 400 m in 41 production blasts carried out in two quarries. The model is statistically significant and has a determination coefficient of 0.87. The formula is validated from 12 airblast measurements gathered in five additional blasts

Herramienta de autoría de contenidos didácticos multimedia para entorno de formación colaborativo en cirugía de mínima invasión

Dada la gran importancia de los contenidos para el éxito del proceso de formación es necesario desarrollar herramientas que permitan la creación de los mismos de una manera simple, eficaz y motivadora. Actualmente, su proceso de creación es largo y costoso, teniendo que llevarlo a cabo expertos cirujanos docentes en estrecha colaboración con técnicos especialistas en herramientas de edición y creación de contenidos multimedia. El presente trabajo de investigación presenta una nueva herramienta de autoría que permite la creación y edición de contenidos didácticos multimedia que son utilizados en el proceso de formación de los cirujanos. La herramienta incorpora un editor multimedia de vídeos laparoscópicos, capaz de realizar un procesamiento y agregar valor didáctico a los vídeos originales. La herramienta de autoría se incorpora en un entorno de formación web que permite crear, compartir y reutilizar contenidos didácticos basados en la edición de vídeo laparoscópico

Lowering the background level and the energy threshold of Micromegas x-ray detectors for axion searches

Axion helioscopes search for solar axions by their conversion in x-rays in the presence of high magnetic fields. The use of low background x-ray detectors is an essential component contributing to the sensitivity of these searches. In this work, we review the recent advances on Micromegas detectors used in the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) and proposed for the future International Axion Observatory (IAXO). The actual setup in CAST has achieved background levels below 10$^{-6}$ keV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, a factor 100 lower than the first generation of Micromegas detectors. This reduction is based on active and passive shielding techniques, the selection of radiopure materials, offline discrimination techniques and the high granularity of the readout. We describe in detail the background model of the detector, based on its operation at CAST site and at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC), as well as on Geant4 simulations. The best levels currently achieved at LSC are low than 10$^{-7}$ keV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and show good prospects for the application of this technology in IAXO. Finally, we present some ideas and results for reducing the energy threshold of these detectors below 1 keV, using high-transparent windows, autotrigger electronics and studying the cluster shape at different energies. As a high flux of axion-like-particles is expected in this energy range, a sub-keV threshold detector could enlarge the physics case of axion helioscopes.Comment: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2014