Communication publique et violence intrafamiliale au Chili

L’objectif est d’analyser, à travers l’étude des représentations des femmes « victimes » et des hommes « agresseurs », la communication de l’État chilien destinée à prévenir les violences faites aux femmes au sein du couple. Le corpus est composé des campagnes de communication menées par le premier gouvernement de Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010). Nous tracerons un portrait des identités construites à propos des acteurs des violences représentés dans ces campagnes de communication, tout en prenant en compte les évolutions du discours de l’État vis-à-vis des rapports de pouvoir à l’intérieur du couple.This article analyzes the communication of the Chilean State to prevent violence against women within the couple through the study of representations of women (victims) and men (perpetrators), produced in the campaigns created by the first government of Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010). We will try to draw a portrait of identities constructed of the actors of violence in these campaigns, taking into account the possible changes of state discourse concerning the power relations within the couple.Este artículo analiza la comunicación del Estado chileno para prevenir las violencias contra las mujeres en la pareja, a través del estudio de las representaciones de las mujeres (víctimas) y de los hombres (agresores), realizadas en las campañas de comunicación llevadas a cabo durante el primer gobierno de Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010). Intentaremos delinear el perfil de las identidades construidas de los actores de la violencia representados en las campañas, tomando en cuenta las evoluciones del discurso del Estado sobre la relación de poder al interior de la pareja

Communication publique et violence intrafamiliale au Chili

L’objectif est d’analyser, à travers l’étude des représentations des femmes « victimes » et des hommes « agresseurs », la communication de l’État chilien destinée à prévenir les violences faites aux femmes au sein du couple. Le corpus est composé des campagnes de communication menées par le premier gouvernement de Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010). Nous tracerons un portrait des identités construites à propos des acteurs des violences représentés dans ces campagnes de communication, tout en prenant en compte les évolutions du discours de l’État vis-à-vis des rapports de pouvoir à l’intérieur du couple.This article analyzes the communication of the Chilean State to prevent violence against women within the couple through the study of representations of women (victims) and men (perpetrators), produced in the campaigns created by the first government of Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010). We will try to draw a portrait of identities constructed of the actors of violence in these campaigns, taking into account the possible changes of state discourse concerning the power relations within the couple.Este artículo analiza la comunicación del Estado chileno para prevenir las violencias contra las mujeres en la pareja, a través del estudio de las representaciones de las mujeres (víctimas) y de los hombres (agresores), realizadas en las campañas de comunicación llevadas a cabo durante el primer gobierno de Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010). Intentaremos delinear el perfil de las identidades construidas de los actores de la violencia representados en las campañas, tomando en cuenta las evoluciones del discurso del Estado sobre la relación de poder al interior de la pareja

Influenceurs et influenceuses santé : les récits et les savoirs du corps sur les réseaux sociaux

Dans une période de prolifération de contenus numériques portant sur la santé, le bien-être et le lifestyle, ce numéro d’Études de communication explore les pratiques info-communicationnelles d’exposition de soi en ligne (Granjon et Denouël, 2010) mettant en avant une spécificité physique ou un positionnement dans la sphère médicale et/ou politique. Les espaces publics numériques constituent ainsi les nouvelles arènes de déploiement d’une forme d’influence qui repose sur la construction dialo..

Etiology, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age hospitalized in a referral pediatric hospital in Rabat, Morocco

The objective of the study was to describe the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of the principal causes of acute infectious diarrhea requiring hospitalization among children under 5 years of age in Rabat, Morocco. A prospective study was conducted from March 2011 to March 2012, designed to describe the main pathogens causing diarrhea in hospitalized children >2 months and less than 5 years of age. Among the 122 children included in the study, Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and rotavirus were the main etiologic causes of diarrhea detected. Twelve (9.8%) children were referred to the intensive care unit, while 2, presenting infection by EAEC and EAEC plus a Shigella sonnei respectively, developed a hemolytic uremic syndrome. Additionally, 6 (4.9%) deaths occurred with EAEC being isolated in four of these cases. Diarrheogenic E. coli and rotavirus play a significant role as the two main causes of severe diarrhea while other pathogens such as norovirus or parasites seem to have a minimal contribution. Surveillance and prevention programs to facilitate early recognition and improved management of potentially life-threatening diarrhea-episodes are needed

Estudio comparativo del consúmo crónico de vino tinto sobre la expresión y la actividad del sitocromo P450 en hígado y riñón de rata

ResumenEl metabolismo del etanol involucra la participación de isoenzimas del citocromo P450 (CYP), principalmente con la contribución de la isoenzima 2E1(CYP 2E1), cuya actividad es inducida por la exposición crónica al alcohol. El metabolismo etílico está relacionado con la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno(ROS), responsables de la generación de estrés oxidativo.[Huerta PA, Henríquez PA, Castillo RL, Carasco RA, Orellana M, Rodrigo RA. Estudio comparativo del consúmo crónico de vino tinto sobre la expresión y la actividad del sitocromo P450 en hígado y riñón de rata. MedUNAB 2003; 6(16):4-9].Palabras clave: Citocromo P450 etanol, estrés oxidativo, riñon de la rata, hígado de la rata

Comparative study of chronic red wine consumption on the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 in rat liver and kidney

El metabolismo del etanol involucra la participación de isoenzimas del citocromo P450 (CYP), principalmente con la contribución de la isoenzima 2E1 (CYP 2E1), cuya actividad es inducida por la exposición crónica al alcohol. El metabolismo etílico está relacionado con la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), responsables de la generación de estrés oxidativo. Por otra parte, se ha sugerido que los antioxidantes contenidos en el vino ejercerían un efecto protector contra la injuria oxidativa. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto del consumo moderado de vino tinto sobre la expresión y la actividad del CYP 2E1 en hígado y riñón de rata. Ratas macho adultas fueron tratadas con agua (control), etanol (12,5%), vino tinto (12,5% de etanol) o vino tinto desalcoholizado por 10 semanas. El contenido de CYP total y CYP 2E1 fue evaluado en la fracción microsomal de riñón e hígado. La oxidación del etanol y p-nitrofenol fue tomada como índice de actividad de CYP 2E1, analizándose la contribución relativa de etanol y componentes no alcohólicos del vino. El etanol aumentó los contenidos de CYP total y CYP 2E1, así como la hidroxilación del p-nitrofenol y la oxidación del etanol tanto en hígado como en riñón. Esos efectos fueron atenuados por la administración de vino tinto. Con esta información es posible sugerir que los componentes no alcohólicos del vino tinto son capaces de modular el aumento en la expresión y la actividad del CYP 2E1 de hígado y riñón de la rata inducida por etanol. [Huerta PA, Henríquez PA, Castillo RL, Carrasco RA, Orellana M, Rodrigo RA. Estudio comparativo del consumo crónico de vino tinto sobre la expresión y la actividad del citocromo P450 en hígado y riñón de rata. MEDUNAB 2003Ethanol metabolism involves the participation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes, mainly with the contribution of isoenzyme 2E1 (CYP 2E1), whose activity is induced by chronic alcohol exposure. Ethyl metabolism is related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), responsible for the generation of oxidative stress. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the antioxidants contained in wine would exert a protective effect against oxidative injury. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of moderate red wine consumption on the expression and activity of CYP 2E1 in rat liver and kidney. Adult male rats were treated with water (control), ethanol (12.5%), red wine (12.5% ​​ethanol), or dealcoholized red wine for 10 weeks. The content of total CYP and CYP 2E1 was evaluated in the microsomal fraction of kidney and liver. The oxidation of ethanol and p-nitrophenol was taken as an index of CYP 2E1 activity, analyzing the relative contribution of ethanol and non-alcoholic components of the wine. Ethanol increased the contents of total CYP and CYP 2E1, as well as p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and ethanol oxidation in both liver and kidney. These effects were attenuated by the administration of red wine. With this information it is possible to suggest that the non-alcoholic components of red wine are capable of modulating the increase in the expression and activity of CYP 2E1 in the liver and kidney of the rat induced by ethanol. [Huerta PA, Henríquez PA, Castillo RL, Carrasco RA, Orellana M, Rodrigo RA. Comparative study of chronic red wine consumption on the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 in rat liver and kidney. MEDUNAB 200

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among healthy and sick pediatric patients before the generalized implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine in Morocco from 2010 to 2011

Nasopharyngeal carriage studies provide insights into the local prevalence of circulating pneumococcal serotypes. These data are critical to vaccination monitoring, as they allow for the prediction and assessment of impact. Very little data are available on the carriage of pneumococcal serotypes in Morocco. Here, we describe the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and serotype distribution among 697 pediatric patients with ages ranging from 2 to 59 months who were admitted to a Moroccan hospital with severe pneumonia, as well as 195 healthy infants and young children who were recruited at a vaccination clinic. Carriage rates were 40.5% (79/195) for healthy children and 22.8% (159/697) for sick children. The most commonly observed circulating serotypes included 6A, 6B and 19F, all of which are included in the current 13-valent anti-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine that was recently introduced in Morocco. Monitoring of circulating serotypes remains necessary after vaccine introduction to assess whether serotype replacement is occurring

Multiomics integrative analysis identifies APOE allele-specific blood biomarkers associated to Alzheimer's disease etiopathogenesis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, currently affecting 35 million people worldwide. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), which comprises over 95% of AD cases, increasing the risk of AD 4-12 fold. Despite this, the role of APOE in AD pathogenesis is still a mystery. Aiming for a better understanding of APOE-specific effects, the ADAPTED consortium analysed and integrated publicly available data of multiple OMICS technologies from both plasma and brain stratified by APOE haplotype (APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4). Combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with differential mRNA and protein expression analyses and single-nuclei transcriptomics, we identified genes and pathways contributing to AD in both APOE dependent and independent fashion. Interestingly, we characterised a set of biomarkers showing plasma and brain consistent protein profiles and opposite trends in APOE2 and APOE4 AD cases that could constitute screening tools for a disease that lacks specific blood biomarkers. Beside the identification of APOE-specific signatures, our findings advocate that this novel approach, based on the concordance across OMIC layers and tissues, is an effective strategy for overcoming the limitations of often underpowered single-OMICS studies

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Common variants in Alzheimer's disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores.

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease