The Potential Implementation of Resource-Saving Technology in the Production of Building Materials

Секция III : Ресурсо- и энергосберегающие строительные материалы и технологииВ статье рассмотрены основные проблемы ресурсосбережения при производстве строительных материалов. Наряду с этим, выделена не менее важная проблема, связанная с утилизацией вторичного сырья. В связи с этим, рассматривается альтернатива использования производственных отходов, выделены основные перспективы их использования. Также приведены примеры использования вторсырья для производства строительных материалов, благодаря чему повысится уровень экономии природных ресурсов, а сохранение экологии окружающей среды будет удовлетворять допустимым показателям.=The article discusses the main problems of resource saving in the construction materials production. At the same time, an equally important problem related to recycling of secondary raw materials has been identified. In this regard, the alternative of industrial waste using is considered. The main prospects for its use are highlighted. Examples of recycled materials using for the construction materials production are also given. It allows to increasing the level of natural resources saving. The preservation of environmental ecology will also meet the permissible indicators

The Potential Implementation of Resource-Saving Technology in the Production of Building Materials

Секция III : Ресурсо- и энергосберегающие строительные материалы и технологииВ статье рассмотрены основные проблемы ресурсосбережения при производстве строительных материалов. Наряду с этим, выделена не менее важная проблема, связанная с утилизацией вторичного сырья. В связи с этим, рассматривается альтернатива использования производственных отходов, выделены основные перспективы их использования. Также приведены примеры использования вторсырья для производства строительных материалов, благодаря чему повысится уровень экономии природных ресурсов, а сохранение экологии окружающей среды будет удовлетворять допустимым показателям.=The article discusses the main problems of resource saving in the construction materials production. At the same time, an equally important problem related to recycling of secondary raw materials has been identified. In this regard, the alternative of industrial waste using is considered. The main prospects for its use are highlighted. Examples of recycled materials using for the construction materials production are also given. It allows to increasing the level of natural resources saving. The preservation of environmental ecology will also meet the permissible indicators

Predictive scales and ECG indicators in the acute stroke period

The features of the ECG in patients with different values of the SAPS and APACHE II scales in the acute period of stroke were investigated. Despite the fact that the APACHE II and SAPS scales do not include ECG parameters, a number of ECG parameters significantly differ in patients with acute stroke at different values according to these scales. The prognosis aggravation according to the studied scales was not always accompanied by the same type of ECG parameters changes. Survived patients with high APACHE II scores were characterized by high dysmorphic values of ECG amplitude parameters. Died patients with high risks on both scales showed an increase in dysmorphism in many ECG parameters. The scientific novelty of the study is in the detection of ECG features at different values of the SAPS and APACHE II scales in the acute period of stroke.Изучены особенности ЭКГ у пациентов при разных значениях шкал SAPS и APACHE II в остром периоде инсульта. Несмотря на то, что шкалы APACHE II и SAPS не включают в себя параметры ЭКГ, у пациентов с острым инсультом при различных значениях по данным шкалам ряд показателей ЭКГ достоверно отличались. Ухудшение прогноза по изученным шкалам не всегда сопровождалось однотипными изменениями показателей ЭКГ. Выжившие пациенты с высокими значениями по шкале APACHE II характеризовались большими показателями дизморфности амплитудных значений ЭКГ. Умершие пациенты с высокими рисками по обеим шкалам демонстрировали увеличение дизморфности по многим показателям ЭКГ. Научная новизна исследования заключается в обнаружении особенностей ЭКГ при различных рисках осложнений по шкалам SAPS и APACHE II в остром периоде инсульта

Experimental Detection of the CNO Cycle

Borexino recently reported the first experimental evidence for a CNO neutrino. Since this process accounts for only about 1% of the Sun’s total energy production, the associated neutrino flux is remarkably low compared to that of the pp chain, the dominant hydrogen-burning process. This experimental evidence for the existence of CNO neutrinos was obtained using a highly radio-pure Borexino liquid scintillator. Improvements in the thermal stabilization of the detector over the last five years have allowed us to exploit a method of constraining the rate of 210Bi background. Since the CNO cycle is dominant in massive stars, this result is the first experimental evidence of a major stellar hydrogen-to-helium conversion mechanism in the Universe

Solar and geoneutrinos

Thanks to the progress of neutrino physics, today we are able of exploiting neutrinos as a tool to study astrophysical objects. The latter in turn serve as unique sources of elusive neutrinos, which fundamental properties are still to be understood. This contribution attempts to summarize the latest results obtained by measuring neutrinos emitted from the Sun and geoneutrinos produced in radioactive decays inside the Earth, with a particular focus on a recent discovery of the CNO-cycle solar neutrinos by Borexino. Comprehensive measurement of the pp-chain solar neutrinos and the first directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos by Borexino, the updated 8B solar neutrino results of Super-Kamiokande, as well as the latest Borexino and KamLAND geoneutrino measurements are also discussed

Borexino's search for low-energy neutrinos associated with gravitational wave events from GWTC-3 database

The search for neutrino events in correlation with gravitational wave (GW) events for three observing runs (O1, O2 and O3) from 09/2015 to 03/2020 has been performed using the Borexino data-set of the same period. We have searched for signals of neutrino-electron scattering with visible energies above 250 keV within a time window of 1000 s centered at the detection moment of a particular GW event. The search was done with three visible energy thresholds of 0.25, 0.8 and 3.0 MeV.Two types of incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the mono-energetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay (IBD) reaction. GW candidates originated by merging binaries of black holes (BHBH), neutron stars (NSNS) and neutron star and black hole (NSBH) were analysed separately. Additionally, the subset of most intensive BHBH mergers at closer distances and with larger radiative mass than the rest was considered. In total, follow-ups of 74 out of 93 gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-3 catalog were analyzed and no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on GW-associated neutrino and antineutrino fluences for all flavors (\nu_e, \nu_\mu, \nu_\tau) have been obtained in the (0.5 - 5.0) MeV neutrino energy range.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Identification of the cosmogenic 11C background in large volumes of liquid scintillators with Borexino

Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic 11C decays outnumber solar pep and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. In order to extract the flux of these two neutrino species, a highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between 11C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012–2016) and III (2016–2020) data sets, with a 11C tagging efficiency of ∼90 % and ∼ 63–66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically 11C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such 11C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of ∼90% but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of ∼ 66–68 %

First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino

We report the measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos through the use of their associated Cherenkov radiation, performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The measurement is achieved using a novel technique that correlates individual photon hits of events to the known position of the Sun. In an energy window between 0.54 to 0.74 MeV, selected using the dominant scintillation light, we have measured 10 887þ2386 ðstatÞ � 947ðsystÞ (68% confidence interval) −2103 solar neutrinos out of 19904 total events. This corresponds to a 7Be neutrino interaction rate of 51.6þ13.9 counts=ðday · 100 tonÞ, which is in agreement with the standard solar model predictions and the −12.5 previous spectroscopic results of Borexino. The no-neutrino hypothesis can be excluded with > 5σ confidence level. For the first time, we have demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the directional Cherenkov information for sub-MeV solar neutrinos, in a large-scale, high light yield liquid scintillator detector. This measurement provides an experimental proof of principle for future hybrid event reconstruction using both Cherenkov and scintillation signatures simultaneously

Novel techniques for alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination in Borexino

Borexino could efficiently distinguish between alpha and beta radiation in its liquid scintillator by the characteristic time profile of their scintillation pulse. This alpha/beta discrimination, first demonstrated at the tonne scale in the Counting Test Facility prototype, was used throughout the lifetime of the experiment between 2007 and 2021. With this method, alpha events are identified and subtracted from the beta-like solar neutrino events. This is particularly important in liquid scintillator as alpha scintillation is quenched many-fold. In Borexino, the prominent Po-210 decay peak was a background in the energy range of electrons scattered from Be-7 solar neutrinos. Optimal alpha-beta discrimination was achieved with a "multi-layer perceptron neural network", which its higher ability to leverage the timing information of the scintillation photons detected by the photomultiplier tubes. An event-by-event, high efficiency, stable, and uniform pulse shape discrimination was essential in characterising the spatial distribution of background in the detector. This benefited most Borexino measurements, including solar neutrinos in the \pp chain and the first direct observation of the CNO cycle in the Sun. This paper presents the key milestones in alpha/beta discrimination in Borexino as a term of comparison for current and future large liquid scintillator detectorsComment: 13 pages, 14 figure