Studies in the Sphingolipids Series. XXIII. Synthesis and Resolution of erythro and threo "\u27C20-Sphingosines

The synthesis of DL-trans-2-amino-11,3-dihydroxy-4-eicosenes (VII) by condensation of 2-octadecyne-1- al (IV) with nitroethanol in ihe presence of potassium carbonate and subsequent reduction of the two nitrodiols (V) is described. The resolution of the DL-threo - base (VIIa) into the optical isomers was effected with D-tartaric acid. The DL - erythro-base (VIIb) was resolved with L-glutamic acid. N atural C20-sphingosine i s most probably the trans-D( -t-) - erythrobase

Studies in the Sphingolipids Series. XXI. C20-Sphingosine, a New Long-Chain Base of Animal Origin

A new hitherto undescribed sphingolipide base C20-sphingosine has been discovered in the horse and bovine brain lipides. The base is shown to .be D-erythro-2-amino-1;3-dihydroxy-4-eicosene (II). The proposed structure is deduced from the following data: L gas chromatographic analysis of the products obtained by periodic and chromic acid oxidations (analyzed as aldehyde dimethyl acetals and\u27 fatty acid methyl esters), 2. hydrogenolysis of tribenzoyl- C20-sphingosine to C20-sphingine derivatives, 3. elemental analyses of a series of compounds derived from C20-sphingosine, 4. infra-red \u27and specific rotations measurements .

The Treatment of Menorrhagia with Bioapigyn® Herbal Ointment and Pessaries

The purpose of this work was the development and application of a new herbal ointment and pessaries for the topical treatment of menorrhagia using macerates and essential oils of medicinal plants as active ingredients. Fifty subjects with proven menorrhagia ranging from 32 to 54 years were divided into two groups (each had 25 participants) of similar age, health status and lifestyle. The first group used 2 g of ointment every eight hours while the second group used pessaries instead. The results were obtained at baseline and following the third menstrual cycle. In both groups a significant decrease was observed for all the symptoms (p<0.05). Significantly better results were obtained in the case of the ointment compared to the pessaries as expected due to the higher percentage of the active ingredients. The average duration of bleeding was reduced from 7.4 to 4.7 days in the case of the ointment and from 7.3 to 5.1 days in the group who used pessaries. The average number of painkillers is reduced from 22.1 to 10.6 and from 22.9 to 13.1 in the group using the ointment and pessaries, respectively. Decrease in other symptoms ranged from 71.4% up to 88.2% in the group using the ointment and from 57.3% to 73.7% in the case of pessaries usage. The obtained results could be correlated with the use of active ingredients with proven haemostatic, vasoconstrictor, astringent and spasmolytic activity

Studies in the Sphingolipids Series. XXI. C20-Sphingosine, a New Long-Chain Base of Animal Origin

A new hitherto undescribed sphingolipide base C20-sphingosine has been discovered in the horse and bovine brain lipides. The base is shown to .be D-erythro-2-amino-1;3-dihydroxy-4-eicosene (II). The proposed structure is deduced from the following data: L gas chromatographic analysis of the products obtained by periodic and chromic acid oxidations (analyzed as aldehyde dimethyl acetals and\u27 fatty acid methyl esters), 2. hydrogenolysis of tribenzoyl- C20-sphingosine to C20-sphingine derivatives, 3. elemental analyses of a series of compounds derived from C20-sphingosine, 4. infra-red \u27and specific rotations measurements .

HADOOPING THE MARKETING GAME

Big data allows marketers to define and describe their customers at a more detailed and precise level than it was even considered possible just a couple of years ago. With the speed this field is evolving, big data is becoming increasingly important in the marketing domain. While it is not a problem to collect the data, the problem remains to leverage these vast amounts of data, coming from different sources, in an efficient manner. Most marketing departments use many marketing applications, causing data fragmentation problems. This paper describes a different, data-driven approach that refers to this problem by using the Data Lake concept allowing the marketers to leverage data as their biggest and most valuable resource in a more agile and flexible manner. The goal is to collect the data, across all applications and channels, consolidate it and analyze all at once, regardless of source and type, which will enable a more complete picture of customer behavior than ever before, answer questions that were previously unanswerable, give rise to many other possibilities, and by extension – lead to more profit. We describe in detail the strategy and its benefits, give an overview of technologies in terms of functionalities inside the Data Lake architecture, and finally, we elaborate the advantages of this concept, in comparison to traditional marketing techniques, through some of the many use cases that show how this approach can respond to the challenges of marketing today and in the future

HADOOPING THE MARKETING GAME

Big data allows marketers to define and describe their customers at a more detailed and precise level than it was even considered possible just a couple of years ago. With the speed this field is evolving, big data is becoming increasingly important in the marketing domain. While it is not a problem to collect the data, the problem remains to leverage these vast amounts of data, coming from different sources, in an efficient manner. Most marketing departments use many marketing applications, causing data fragmentation problems. This paper describes a different, data-driven approach that refers to this problem by using the Data Lake concept allowing the marketers to leverage data as their biggest and most valuable resource in a more agile and flexible manner. The goal is to collect the data, across all applications and channels, consolidate it and analyze all at once, regardless of source and type, which will enable a more complete picture of customer behavior than ever before, answer questions that were previously unanswerable, give rise to many other possibilities, and by extension – lead to more profit. We describe in detail the strategy and its benefits, give an overview of technologies in terms of functionalities inside the Data Lake architecture, and finally, we elaborate the advantages of this concept, in comparison to traditional marketing techniques, through some of the many use cases that show how this approach can respond to the challenges of marketing today and in the future

Characterization and treatment procedures for wastewater generated during ethanol production from molasses

U radu je ukratko opisan proces proizvodnje etanola iz melase obzirom da isti direktno utječe na količinu i sastav nastalih otpadnih voda. Dani su podatci o sastavu otpadnih voda iz dostupne svjetske literature te toksični učinci ovih voda na različitim test organizmima. Dan je literaturni pregled najčešće korištenih postupaka pročišćavanja te njihove prednosti i nedostatci. Otpadne vode iz destilerija melase su tamne boje, niske pH vrijednosti, visoke vodljivosti, visoko su opterećene organskom tvari niske biorazgradivosti, ekstremno su toksične te se kao takve ne smiju bez prethodne obrade ispustiti u okoliš ili sustav javne odvodnje. Stoga, u svrhu smanjenja rizika za sastavnice prirode i okoliša, destilerijske otpadne vode zahtijevaju visok stupanj obrade kombinacijom različitih postupaka kako bi ih se učinilo neškodljivim za prirodu i okoliš te zadovoljili propisani zakonski kriteriji za ispust u okoliš.The paper briefly describes the process of ethanol production from molasses which directly affects the quantity and composition of generated wastewater. The data on wastewater composition are quoted from available international literature, and include data on the toxic impacts of this wastewater on different test organisms, as well as a literature overview of the most frequently used treatment procedures and their advantages and disadvantages. Wastewater from molasses-based distilleries is characterized by dark colour, low pH value, high conductivity, and has a high load of organic matter with low biodegradability. It is extremely toxic and cannot be discharged into the environment or public wastewater systems without preliminary treatment. Therefore, in order to reduce the risks for nature and environment components, distillery wastewater requires a high level of treatment as a combination of different procedures to render it harmless for the nature and environment and comply with the prescribed legal criteria for discharges into the environment

Stručni sastanak laboratorija ovlaštenih za ispitivanje voda s pregledom novih zakonskih i podzakonskih propisa iz područja zaštite voda, Mali Lošinj, 19.-22. travnja 2016.Sustainable management of wastewater from wine production

U radu su ukratko prikazani trendovi u svjetskoj i domaćoj proizvodnji vina. Dani su podatci o sastavu otpadnih voda iz dostupne svjetske literature te toksični učinci ovih voda na različitim test sustavima. Dan je literaturni pregled najčešće korištenih metoda pročišćavanja te njihove prednosti i nedostaci. Iz iznesenih podataka moguće je zaključiti da otpadne vode iz procesa proizvodnje vina zbog svoje kompleksnosti sastava te dokazanog visokog toksičnog učinka predstavljaju značajan rizik za sastavnice okoliša i prirode. Visoke vrijednosti organskog onečišćenja, sezonalnost, te prisutnost toksičnih tvari zahtijevaju kombinaciju različitih metoda obrade kako bi se ove vode učinile neškodljivim za okoliš te zadovoljili propisani zakonski kriteriji za ispust u okoliš. Najviši stupanj detosikacije se postiže kombinacijom bioloških metoda i naprednih oksidacijskih procesa (kao predobrade ili završne obrade).The paper briefly presents the trends in global and domestic wine production. It contains data on wastewater composition from available world literature and toxic impacts of this water in different test systems. An overview of the most frequently implemented treatment methods in the literature is provided as well, including their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the presented data, it can be concluded that wastewater from the wine production process, due to the complexity of its composition and proven high toxic impact, poses a significant risk for environmental and nature components. High levels of organic pollutants, seasonality and the presence of toxic substances require a combination of different treatment methods for rendering this wastewater harmless for the environment and compliance with the prescribed legal criteria for discharges into the environment. The highest detoxification level is achieved by implementing a combination of biological methods and advanced oxidation processes (including preliminary or final treatment)

Granulometric and Chemical Composition of the Danube River Sediments, Batina Village, Croatia

The size-fractionated recent sediments of the Danube river, from Batina, were assayed for the total concentrations of 15 elements: Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Zn and Zr. It was found that trace metals increased with decreasing particle size, whereas the highest levels of organic matter from loss on ignition tests were found in the 0.5–1 mm fraction. The exchangeable phase accounted for a very minor proportion of the total heavy metal concentrations. Seasonal patterns of exchangeable Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe were more irregular than those of total metal levels, both generally reflecting a decrease in concentrations during spring. Rubidium normalization of the Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe concentrations was applied on the <0.063 mm fraction. A certain amount of the Cu and Ni concentrations may be related to anthropogenic rather than natural processes upstream of the study area and around one of the localities