Políticas multiculturales en San Andrés: repercusiones no esperadas sobre la población continental

El presente trabajo muestra cómo las políticas multiculturales, impulsadas a través de la Constitución colombiana de 1991 en el reconocimiento de una minoría étnica, generan repercusiones políticas y sociales inesperadas sobre la población mayoritaria no étnica que reside en la isla de San Andrés: los continentales. A través del diálogo entre las categorías de multiculturalismo e interculturalismo con el trabajo de campo y la revisión de literatura se reconstruyen los antecedentes y el surgimiento de las políticas multiculturales para la isla. También se analiza el poblamiento continental y la interculturalidad en la isla a partir de tres dimensiones: sobrepoblamiento, ubicación espacial - apropiación del espacio y, convivencia intercultural. Por último, se observa la Oficina de Control, Circulación y Residencia (OCCRE) como instrumento de política multicultural que, al mismo tiempo, reconoce y diferencia dos grupos poblacionales que conviven en un mismo territorio (raizales y continentales). Así, se afirma, que las políticas multiculturales orientadas hacia el reconocimiento de una población étnica tienen en su práctica repercusiones negativas para quienes quedan por fuera de dicho reconocimiento.The present work aims to show that the multicultural policies, promoted through the 1991 Colombian Constitution in the recognition of an ethnic minority, generated unexpected political and social repercussions on the majority non-ethnic population residing on the island of San Andrés: the continentals. Through the dialogue between the categories of multiculturalism and interculturalism supported by fieldwork and literature review; the background and emergence of multicultural policies for the island are reconstructed. The continental settlement and interculturality on the island are also analyzed from three dimensions: overpopulation, spatial location - appropriation of space, and intercultural coexistence. Finally, the Office of Control, Circulation and Residence (OCCRE) is reviewed as an instrument of multicultural policy that at the same time, recognizes and differentiates two population groups (raizal people and continentals) that live in the same territory. Thus, it is affirmed, that multicultural policies oriented towards the recognition of an ethnic population have in practice negative repercussions for those who are outside said recognition.Maestrí

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2