GPS protocols

The contribution describes the basic principles of measurement and the use of global positioning systems, focusing on the most widely used system NAVSTAR, including used protocols. It deals NMEA protocols-which today ranks among the most widespread GPS system, RINEX-which is an interpretation of "raw" data, these systems, and RTCM-which is an alternative for NMEA with the difference that is much used in the GLONASS system. © Research India Publications

The impact of the heat accumulation on energy efficiency of building

It is still a lingering practice to classify energy demands of buildings on the basis of thermal insulation properties of th building envelope, although, more aspects, which cannot be ignored, enters to the evaluation. It is necessary to perfor the calculation of the impact of each aspect on the basis on thermal response of the room, which varies primarily by th thermal storage properties of construction materials used. This article deals with the possibility of reducing energy use i buildings by knowledge of the thermal accumulation properties of the mass of the structures. This knowledge create appropriate premises for rational determination of the required thermal conditions for the internal environment unde which are the parameters of the heating systems, heat sources, methods of regulation and optimization of the total hea consumption taken into consideration

Thermoelectric power source for building sensors - analysis and measurement

This paper deals with using of heat emitted from machinery parts, radiators for human for building automation needs. The most of devices and applications in environment produced some values of waste heat to vicinity. Mostly this heat goes to the surrounded area without any benefits for us and we lose valuable energy that can be still use. Especially aim of this paper is using of human waste heat as an electric energy source for building sensors and switches. As heat absorber were used the standard low-cost Peltier element. The limitations for this applications are small heat transfer area (human palm, human finger), small mechanical dimensions and low temperature difference. This temperature difference depends on actual temperature of the human skin and on temperature of heat dissipation side of Peltier element. Temperature difference during measurement was only approximately 11 °C

Photovoltaics panels – Economic return based on the real effectiveness

This article examines the efficiency of photovoltaic panels in a real environment and their economic returns over their lifetime.Introductory section describes the general principle of converting sunlight into electricity and judged the system on which measurements were taken. The next part deals with the determination of the efficiency of photovoltaic panels and this issue of conversion of the direction of the solar radiation flow on a horizontal surface of a solarimeter towards the direction normal to the plane surface of the photovoltaic panels is described. On the basis of this transfer can be determined by the total global radiation falling on the surface of the PV panels and determine their true effectiveness. It is described effects of air pollution on the efficiency of PV panels. The last section deals with the economic return assessed system

Benchmark of COMSOL Multiphysics via in-depth floor slab test - Transient cases

The main purpose of this article is an advanced thermal benchmark of COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. The program is validated by analytical and comparative verification tests provided by the International Energy Agency in Task 34 called "In-Depth Diagnostic Cases for Ground Coupled Heart Transfer Related to Slab-on-Grade Construction". Building energy simulation test cases for evaluating simulation software are created, simulated and evaluated in software COMSOL Multiphysics. Essential goal of this article is evaluating of new simulation environment for building simulations. There are compared numerically calculated thermal flow results of transient heat conduction as well as boundary convection process in COMSOL Multiphysics with analytical and numerical model outputs presented in Task 34. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE)