IHP-IV project H-2-2: hydrology, water management and hazard reduction in low-lying coastal regions and deltaic areas, in particular with regard to sea level changes Joint contributions of the IHP/OHP National Committees of Germany and the Netherlands

In the framework of the IHP-IV project H-2-2 three workshops have been conducted bringing together scientists of different countries, disciplines and attitudes: (i) STORM surges, river flow and combined effects; STORM 91 (Hamburg, Germany, 1991); (ii) sea level changes and their consequences for hydrology and water management; SEACHANGE 93 (Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 1993); (iii) water related problems in low lying coastal areas; HYDROCOAST 95 (Bangkok, Thailand, 1995). Workshop contributions are compiled in the proceedings and in state of art reports. As a result proposals are given to improve hazard reduction: An international centre of coastal resources and phenomena should be established in South East Asia, and training activities should be organized. For a world wide network of institutes working in this field comparable data sets and unrestricted data exchange are required. The cooperation between the UNESCO Division of Water Sciences and the IOC should be strengthened. (WEN)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 2673(8) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Empfehlung fuer die Auswertung der Messergebnisse von kleinen hydrologischen Untersuchungsgebieten. Anhang Mustertabellen

TIB Hannover: RO 1279(5,Anh) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Empfehlung zu Einrichtung und Betrieb kleiner hydrologischer Untersuchungsgebiete sowie von Messsystemen zur Erfassung und Untersuchung hydrologischer Prozesse in komplexen Untersuchungsgebieten

Small (#<=#50 km"2) hydrological test areas are suited for an exemplary investigation of ecosystems. Operation of such test areas integrates the study of balances and circulations of water, matter and energy in order to contribute to the protection of the ecosystem, to assure the required water supply and to prevent damages by water. By an expert group recommendations are formulated on the selection and operation of test areas including definition of test parameters and their quantitative determination, measuring instruments and methods, measuring strategies, data treatment and consistency tests. The appendix compiles characteristic parameters, laws and standards, record sheets and the description of selected measuring devices. (WEN)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 1279(10) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Opportunities for hydrological data in support of climate change studies

The objective of the workshop was (a) to discuss (i) needs and problems with regard to the use of hydrological data for climate change studies and (ii) transfer of hydrological data or characteristics to grid systems in order to support the development of hydrological macroscale models (b) to improve the availability of hydrological data and information (c) to establish a common basis for the co-ordination and, where possible, joint implementation of the various international and regional projects concerned. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 2673(7) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Meteorologische Systeme fuer hydrologische Anwendungen

Die Entwicklung der Hydrologie mit ihren zahlreichen wasserwirtschaftlichen Anwendungen hat zu einem grossen Bedarf an hydrometeorologischen Daten, aus meteorologischen Messungen abgeleiteten Groessen und auch an Modellen gefuehrt. Wo ueberall sich ein Bedarf an meteorologischen Daten in Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft eingestellt hat, ist in diesem Bericht zusammengefasst. Es werden die verschiedenen Messnetze und Messverfahren beschrieben und kritisch beurteilt, auch die Radar- und Satellitenfernerkundung gehoeren dazu. Fuer den Hydrologen zaehlt zu den wichtigsten abgeleiteten Groessen der Gebietsniederschlag und die Gebietsverdunstung, jeweils mit Angabe von Fehlerquelle und Fehlerschwankung. Von Interesse sind auch die Schneeschmelze, der vermutlich maximale Niederschlag (Regen), die statistische Ableitung von Starkregen und Regionalisierungsmethoden aller abgeleiteten Groessen. Diese Verfahren werden vorgestellt. Die quantitative Niederschlagsvorhersage wird wegen ihrer Bedeutung fuer die operationellen hydrologischen Vorhersagen eingehend behandelt. Auch werden die Angebote der Meteorologie - hier konkret der WMO - bezueglich der Datenuebertragungssysteme abgeschaetzt. Fuer die Weiterentwicklung der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Meteorologie und Hydrologie sind zu den einzelnen Themenschwerpunkten Empfehlungen erarbeitet worden. (orig./KW)The development of hydrology with its many practical applications in water management has led to a great demand for hydrometeorological data, variables derived from meteorological measurements, and models. The report shows the many fields in which meteorological data are required in hydrology and water management. Measuring networks and methods are described and critically assessed, including remote measurement by radar and satellite. For the hydrologist, the most important variables to be derived are the regional precipitation and evaporation, each with the error source and size. Other factors of interest are the snowbreak, the expected maximum precipitation (rain), the statistical derivation of strong rain, and regionalisation methods for all variables derived. These methods are presented. The possibilities of meteorology, especially (WMO) in the field of data transmission systems are assessed. (orig./KW)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 1279(9) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Early warning methodology for surface and groundwater quality monitoring

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 2673(6) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Interaction of river flow and tide as well as storm surges

The interaction of tide and river flow is complicated due to the fact that tide consist of many constituents which interact differently with river flow. The river flow damps the tide from the river mouth and raises the mean water level. This report show that water levels in estuaries are the superposition of periodic tidal components and mean water levels. When the tidal components are filtered out, the mean water levels can correlate well with freshwater discharges and form rating curves of the estuaries. Chapter 1 describes tide and tidal current in the sea and gulf which serve as boundary conditions at river mouths. Chapter 2 applies harmonic analysis to 5 recording water level data of the Chao Phraya river and found that each constituent of tide damps exponentially along the river and the mean water level shows a linear distribution along the river. The complicated interaction of river flow with various constitutents of tide is simplified to its interaction with individual constituents. An analytical model of tide and river flow interaction is then developed using perturbation method in decomposing the steady state component of the river flow from the unsteady component of the tide. The analytical solutions can describe the interaction of tide and river flow completely. Chapter 3 attempts to analyse interaction of tide and river flow in the estuarine network of the Mekong river delta which is further complicated by branching of flow. The branching of flow can be determined from the continuity of flow and water level at the branching. Once the flow in each branch is determined, the interaction of tide and river flow in each branch is similar to that of Chapter 2. Chapter 4 analyses the interaction of tide and river flow of the Red river delta. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 2673(5) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman