An Inventory Database, Evaluation and Monitoring of Especially Valuable Lands at the Regional Level in Ukraine

AbstractOn the one hand, the relevance in studying the Especially Valuable Lands (EVL) at the Regional Level is determined by their key role in ensuring food security. On the other hand - the irrational use of EVL and the lack of EVL's information in the cadastral- registration system in the cartographic materials. Also there is the lack of information in on-line mode on their spatial distribution, assessment and of course the current state. In the result of lack formed GIS data of EVL at the Regional Level it is almost impossible to conduct quantitative and qualitative recording, analysis of the condition of their using, assessment, management and protection of it.The main idea of this paper is to develop methodological and practical approaches to inventory, evaluation and monitoring of EVL at the Regional Level. Also approbation the results of the study on the example of the land resources of Vasylkiv District of the Kyiv Region are important.The main research methods were the following: statistical, cartographic, mathematical and cartographic methods of modeling.The result of the study is to develop methodological approaches in inventory of the EVL, their evaluation and monitoring at the Regional Level, based on extensive use of Remote Sensing and GIS technologies. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that the results will allow a deeper study of land-resource potential of the region and potential of its economic, environmental and other use. It will increase the investment attractiveness of the region; establish measures and guidelines for land management. As a result it will simulate the effects of human activities

Оцінка податкових надходжень від використання лісових землекористувань в умовах децентралізації влади

Introduction. The financial and economic mechanism rational use and protection of land forestry should be based on realization national land relations policy, which envisages comprehensive state support for efficient use of nature through financing of appropriate organizational measures and introduction of economic instruments, incentives for rational use of forest resources. The main levers of such a mechanism are fiscal, monetary, budgetary and other elements of influence on economic entities. Aims and tasks. To realization the delivered goal it is necessary to solve a number of tasks, namely: to determine the actual area of forest land within the respective united territorial communities in Ukraine, to determine the possible economic income from the use of these forested areas, to calculate the volumes of fiscal receipts to the budgets of united territorial communities from forestry enterprises. Results. With the help of geoinformation approach was installed, it was established that the forest area in the united territorial communities were concentrated in Zhytomyrskа (788.5 thousand ha), Chernihivska (583.6 thousand ha), Volynska (432.9 ha), Rivnenska (282, 8 thousand hectares), Sumska (216,0 thousand hectares) regions. Whereas the smallest forest area within the boundaries of the united territorial communities is concentrated in Kirovohradska, Zakarpatska, Mykolaivska, Zaporizka, Vinnytska, Donetska, Luhanska, Odeska, Khersonska regions. Conclusions. Besides, in the case of use of forest areas within united territorial communities utility companies, they pay 18% income tax, which comes fully to the budget of the united territorial communities. We have made calculation of such fiscal receipts by areas where forestry production it is profitable. Therefore, our proposed scientific approach to the development of a financial and economic mechanism for regulating the rational use of forest land use should be based on the totality of fiscal budgetary relationships between forest resources and subjects entrepreneurial activity, which are based on the application of the geospatial approach of accounting of forest areas as an integral part of information support for the effective functioning of the economic system as a whole. On the whole, due to the proposed financial and economic mechanism, the total amount of tax revenues to united territorial communities in Ukraine can be increased by 10.2% of the actual receipts from their own resources of the united territorial communities in Ukraine for 2015 – 2016, or 6.01% of total volume taxes on individuals' income the united territorial communities in 2018. At the same time, the forest area within the united territorial communities at the national level is only 18.95% as of 2019.Вступ. Фінансово-економічний механізм раціонального використання та охорони земель лісогосподарського призначення повинен ґрунтуватися на реалізації національної політики у сфері земельних відносин, яка передбачає комплексну державну підтримку ефективного природокористування через фінансування відповідних організаційних заходів та впровадження економічних інструментів, стимулів раціонального використання лісових ресурсів. Важелями такого механізму є фіскально-кредитні, грошові, бюджетні та інші елементи впливу на суб’єктів господарювання. Мета та завдання. Визначення ймовірних податкових надходжень до бюджетів громад від використання лісових землекористувань лісогосподарськими підприємствами. Для реалізації поставленої мети необхідно вирішити ряд завдань, а саме: визначити фактичні площі лісових земель в межах відповідних об’єднаних територіальних громад в Україні, визначити можливий економічний дохід від використання цих лісових площ, розрахувати обсяг фіскальних надходжень до бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад від лісогосподарських підприємств. Результати. За допомогою геоінформаційного підходу нами було встановлено лісові площі в об’єднаних територіальних громад. Разом з тим у випадку використання лісових площ в межах об’єднаних територіальних громад комунальними підприємствами, які відповідно до чинного законодавства сплачують 18 % податку на прибуток підприємств комунальної власності, який у повному обсязі надходить до бюджету об’єднаних територіальних громад, був здійснений розрахунок таких фіскальних надходжень в розрізі областей де ведення лісогосподарського виробництва є прибутковим. Висновки. Отже, запропонований нами науковий підхід щодо розроблення фінансово-економічного механізму регулювання раціонального використання лісових землекористувань, повинен ґрунтуватися на сукупності фіскально-бюджетних відносин між лісовими ресурсами та суб’єктами підприємницької діяльності, які ґрунтуються на застосуванні геопросторового підходу обліку лісових площ, як складової частини інформаційного забезпечення ефективного функціонування економічної системи в цілому. В цілому за рахунок запропонованого фінансово-економічного механізму загальна сума податкових надходжень до бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад в Україні може бути збільшена на 10,2 % від фактичних надходжень від власних ресурсів об’єднаних територіальних громад в Україні за 2015 – 2016 роки, або 6,01 % від загального обсягу податків на доходи фізичних осіб до бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад у 2018 році, при цьому лісова площа в їх межах на загальнодержавному рівні складає лише 18,95 % станом на 2019 рік

Calculation of the Economic Efficiency of Using Forestry Fund Lands in the Context of Natural and Climatic Zones of Ukraine

The aim of the article is to calculate the weighted average of economic efficiency of using forestry fund lands in the context of natural and climatic conditions. Based on the results of the analysis of profitability of using forestry fund lands in the context of natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, it can be concluded that a positive profit indicator is observed in most of the forest-steppe zone, Polissia and the Carpathians, except for the Volyn (-94.1 UAH / ha), Kharkiv (58.2 UAH / ha) and Lviv (-40.2 UAH / ha) regions. It should be noted that in the steppe climatic zone a negative level of economic efficiency of using forestry fund lands is observed, the only exception is the Kirovograd region with the net profit of 41.8 UAH / ha. To average the indicators of efficiency of using forestry fund lands in the natural and climatic zones, we used the weighted average (arithmetic mean). With the help of the mentioned above arithmetic mean, we calculated the weighted average indices of efficiency of using forestry fund lands in the context of climatic zones, in particular, weighted average cost per 1 ha of forest lands, UAH / ha; weighted average gross income per 1 ha of forest lands, UAH / ha; weighted average profit per 1 ha of forest land, UAH / ha; weighted average profit per 1 ha of forest lands (based on the area of the region), UAH / ha; weighted average profitability of 1 ha of forest lands,%; weighted average administrative costs for forestry per 1 ha of forest lands, UAH / ha

The Problems of Payment for Land at the Implementation of Investment Projects on Redevelopment of Industrial Areas in the City of Kiev

The aim of the article is to determine the amount of fees to be paid by investors for the industrial areas subject to renovation at the stage of approving the relevant project documentation at implementing projects on redevelopment of these areas in the city of Kiev and identify a mechanism for encouraging and stimulating investments in this industry. Despite the complicated procedure for implementing a project on redevelopment (renovation) of industrial areas, it is worth noting that one of quite significant capital-intensive categories of investment activity that creates a certain additional “barrier” for investors is overhead cost, namely, payment for land. That is, at the stage of development, coordination of projects on reorganization of industrial areas, an investor has already to pay a fee for land plots gaining no economic income from these territories. The maximum amount of land tax to be paid by investors for the actual functional use of these lands is 72.51 million UAH / year. Thus, in order to make the redevelopment of large industrial territories attractive to investors, the city authorities should act as a full partner and take a number of obligations, namely, to introduce special investment rules and mechanisms, for example, to significantly shorten the time for review and approval of relevant projects (transferring industrial facilities, changing the purpose of land, constructing new real estate properties, etc.), grant tax breaks (“holidays”) for this period, take the responsibility for organizing the transfer of production facilities and defray part of the costs related to it and after completion of the investment project to transfer the land to the investor without equity participation in a predetermined period

Implementation of modern approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of innovation for water treatment in irrigation

The geographical location and climatic conditions of Ukraine cause the active development of land reclamation, as it enables to ensure stable and high yields. The complexity of forecasting in this area, namely the dependence of the results on the changing weather and climate conditions, does not allow to effectively use the standard instruments for justifying the investment for agricultural and land reclamation innovation. The necessity of improving methodological approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investments in projects in the field of agricultural production and land reclamation was substantiated. The proposed approaches were tested on the advanced technology of water treatment in irrigation based on using a vibrating gravitation filter enabling to perform simultaneously the processes of water treatment and filter element regeneration. The obtained results clearly show that the advanced technology of irrigation water treatment and the developed for this technology design of the vibrating gravity filter are cost-effective. The current payback period for irrigation projects when using the purified water under this advanced technology is 5 years. It is the same as for the irrigation projects when using clean irrigation water. Thus, our proposed approaches to the evaluation of investments in new water treatment technologies applied in irrigation enable to adapt the modern methodology of analysis of economic and investment efficiency of projects to the domestic needs of agricultural production, namely to take into account the impact of changing weather and climate conditions on the resulting economic parameters

The variability of natural and climatic conditions in investment projects in the field of nature management

The article focuses on the actual scientific and practical problem of accounting for the influence of meteorological and climatic factors in the technical and economic calculations in the field of environmental management. It has been proven that the introduction of scientifically sound and effective methods of using meteorological and climatic information in economic calculations significantly reduces the loss caused by weather conditions and improves the implementation of an optimal strategy for agricultural production on reclaimed lands. Such calculations are based on economic and statistical modelling of different variants that accounting for standard hydrometeorological information in the implementation of design, management and economic decisions. This increases the validity and reliability of calculations, as well as their compliance with the actual operating conditions of environmental and economic facilities. Consequently, this attracts increased interest of both public and private investors. Not only under such conditions is a sustainable development of environmental management sectors possible but also the adaptation to global climate change and additional benefits from the efficient economic activity in the new environmental conditions

Differentiation in the value of drained land in view of variable conditions of its use

The article is devoted to a topical scientific problem in modern conditions – valuation of land in Ukraine. The imperfection of the existing approaches requires further research on the changing conditions of land use and their impact on land pricing. A methodology for determining the market value of reclaimed land based on a differentiated assessment of its productivity through crop yields is proposed, taking into account natural and climatic zones and other conditions of a particular region. The basis of the methodology is the application of long-term forecast and a set of forecast and simulation models, in particular the model of area climatic conditions and the model of water regime and water regulation technologies on reclaimed land. At that the crop yield model as a complex multiplicative type model takes into account all main factors influencing crop yield formation: weather, climatic and soil conditions, cultivation techniques, water regime of reclaimed land, etc. The proposed approaches were tested by the method of large-scale machine experiment using a land plot in the zone of Western Polissya of Ukraine as the example. The obtained results indicate that there is a differentiation in land value, which is a proportional derivative of the yield of cultivated crops depending on the conditions of their cultivation. The variation range of the studied indicators in relative form by the ratio of maximum and minimum values to the weighted average value is for cultivated crops – 393%, and for the above soils – 44.6%. Thus, within one object, the estimated value of land in view of available soils and cultivated crops varies from USD2456∙ha–1 to USD4005 ∙ ha–1, averaging USD3522 ∙ ha–1

Assessment of the energy and overall efficiency of the closed irrigation network of irrigation systems on the basis of the complex of resource-saving measures

The presence of water, food and energy crises, both at the global and regional levels, as well as their deterioration under conditions of climate change, with an insufficient level of technical condition of existing irrigation systems, increase the strategic importance of irrigation as the guarantor of the agricultural sector sustainable development. This makes it necessary to increase, foremost, energy and overall (technical, technological, economic, and environmental) efficiency of the closed irrigation network of irrigation systems. In this regard, the complex that includes organisational-technological, technical, and resource-saving groups of measures was developed. Estimation of energy and overall efficiency of the closed irrigation network of irrigation systems at the implementation of developed complex were executed on the example of the agricultural enterprise located in the Petropavlovsk district of the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine. For this purpose, machine experiment based on a use of the set of optimisation, forecasting and simulation models was implemented, including the model of climatic conditions, the model of water regime and water regulation technologies, as well as the model of crop yields on reclaimed lands. According to the obtained results, established that implementation of the complex reduces the consumption of irrigation water by 2.2-30.7% and electricity consumption by 12.9-38.2%. The rate of specific costs decreases from 1.6 to 1.32-1.47, and the coefficient of environmental reliability increases by 5.6-16.7%. At the same time, the profitability index increases from 1.07 to 1.75-2.57, and the discounted payback period decreases from 18 to 8-5 years

Ecological Efficiency Evaluation of Water Regulation of Drained Land in Changing Climatic Conditions

In view of global climate changes, the study of the ecological feasibility of hydromelioration systems and their impact on the natural environment is extremely relevant. Evaluation of the ecological effectiveness of water regulation of drained land for current and forecasted climatic conditions was performed by determining the environmental reliability coefficient, which characterizes the ecological reliability of a reclamation project. The environmental reliability coefficient was determined on the basis of a certain set of physical indicators. The set of physical indicators reflects the extremely complex nature of the formation of water and general natural and ameliorative regimes of reclaimed land as a whole in changing natural, climatic and agro-ameliorative conditions of real objects. Their determining is based on the implementation of a machine experiment based on a complex of predictive and simulation models for water regulation of drained land on a long-term basis. The obtained results showed that ecologically optimal natural, ameliorative and soil regimes of the drained land, subject to compliance with the restrictions , are ensured by the application of humidifying sluicing. At the same time, the environmental reliability coefficients are 0.59 and 0.58, respectively, for current and forecast climatic conditions, and the level of ecological reliability of applying humidification to drained land is sufficiently high. The carried out evaluation of ecological reliability of water regulation of drained land confirms the need to increase the role of humidification as a component of effective adaptive measures on drained land in modern and forecasted climatic conditions. Humidifying measures have a decisive influence on the ecological effect and the ecological and amelioration state of drained land

Impact of Comparative Assessment of Soil Quality on Determining the Value of Agricultural Land (Ukraine)

The article raises the issue of changes in the value of land plots depending on their quality characteristics. This study investigated the change in indicators of the monetary assessment of individual agricultural districts (NAD) in connection with the indicators of agricultural production groups of soil quality valuation score. Using the normative indicators of the monetary valuation of land plots, the normative monetary valuation was calculated for 10 natural and agricultural districts of the Kyiv region of Ukraine. Thus, in the Skvyrskyi NAD, the normative monetary value is UAH 37950.08 per 1 hectare, and the average soil quality valuation score in this area was 55 points by level, which is the highest value of this indicator in the Kyiv region. The lowest credit rating score (15) was recorded in the Chornobyl-Borodyansky NAD, where the norm of capitalized rental income was UAH 10347.52 per 1 hectare. From 42 to 110 agro-production groups of soils are counted in each of the NADs. Based on the Kyiv region, the average indicators of humus content range from 1,91 to 2.,47 %. We established a directly proportional relationship between the soil quality valuation score and humus content, in particular, the correlation coefficient between these indicators ranges from 0,8743 to 0,9376. The research results can be used to carry out land evaluation works on agricultural land