Sustainable Development of Nigeria\u27s Solid Minerals Through Metal Recycling: a Review

Metal recycling as a path way to sustainable development of Nigeria solid minerals deposits has been reviewed. This paper brings to bear the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030), classification of solid mineral deposits in Nigeria, potential contribution of the solid mineral sector to the nation\u27s gross domestic product (GDP), lifetime (lifecycle) management of a mineral resource, sustaining mineral resource through metal recycling (use of secondary materials) with some of its accompanying benefits, economics of metal recycling and the need for environmental impact assessment when sitting a recycling plant. The review has revealed the following; Metal recycling could oil the nation\u27s wheel of realising some of the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), every state in Nigeria has at least one solid mineral deposit, one tonne of steel made from recycled steel translates to saving 1,115kg of iron ore, 625kg of coal and 53kg of limestone, recycling results in reduction of about 200 million tonnes yearly of CO2 emissions, recycling also results in 76%, 40% and 86% reduction in water pollution, water USAge and air pollution respectively and energy savings derivable from recycling 39% aluminum, 31% copper, 74% lead, 42% steel and 20% zinc are 95%, 85%, 60%, 62-74% and 60% respectively. Therefore, metal recycling provides one of the viable tools for sustaining the nation\u27s solid mineral deposits especially the metallic ores for the benefit of generations yet to be born

Applications of Space Technology for Accelerated Infrastructures Development for Rural Areas Development in Nigeria

Rural to urban migration still persists in Nigeria despite government’s claim of rural development programs. This situation if not checked portends negative signal for the already over-populated urban areas, particularly in areas of food security, sanitation, housing, crimes, etc. The development of rural areas is measured by the availability of infrastructures and economic opportunities that are available to the people. These infrastructures include: transportation infrastructure, educational infrastructure, healthcare infrastructure, energy infrastructure, water supply/sanitation infrastructure, information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and so on. Rural areas in Nigeria urgently require accelerated infrastructure development to alleviate poverty. When this is done rapid growth is ensured and poverty is drastically reduced. The world today has become increasingly reliant on information and communication technologies (ICT) and with it comes the need for societies and communities to stay connected and be integrated into the global information super highway. Space technology today has also become an integral part of global information infrastructure, connecting people across the world and serving communications needs of governments, businesses and individuals. For Nigeria to be technologically developed, the “digital divide” (that is the imbalance between urban and rural dwellers in which the rural dwellers have far lesser access to the same quality of knowledge), information, and education resources that are more readily available to urban areas because of the absence of required communication infrastructure need to be removed. The digital divide brings a virtual, but real impediment to the advancement of the society and individuals in remote rural settlements. This paper seeks to discuss the applications of space technology for accelerated rural infrastructures development in rural areas in Nigeri

Investigating the potential of Calophylluminophyllum plant base oil for oil and gas drilling mud operations

The environmental and cost advantage of non-edible plant oil for potential base oil in oil and gas drilling mud formulation is a drive for its use. The seed of Calophylluminophyllumthe plant oil was processed, pulverized, and oil extracted using chemical method. The extracted plant oil and commercial synthetic oil was used to formulate drilling mud and comparative analysis were made using the physicochemical properties of the oil samples, mud rheological properties under sixteen hours and 240 °F aging and non-aging effect for a 7 and 9 g viscosifier, and rheological models in describing the mud. The commercial synthetic oil and Calophylluminophyllum oil shows a flash point of 101 ± 0.1 and 164 ± 0.1; density of 108 and 172 ��� �3� ; viscosity index of 192 and 163; acid value of NIL and 24.24; and oil yield of NIL and 71 % respectively. The rheological properties of Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud were higher than the synthetic oil-based mud. It was also observed that the increase in temperature and viscosifer decreases and increases the rheological properties respectively of all mud samples. The synthetic and Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud increased in the rheological properties after aging test. In the overall estimation of the root mean square error (RMSE) values, coefficient of determination (�2) values, and the fitted plots analysis. The Herschel Bulkley and the Sisko model had a much better description in predicting the experimental data for the synthetic oil-based mud. The hyperbolic, Herschel Bulkley and Sisko model had good description for the experimental data of the Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud

Sustainable development of Nigeria’s solid minerals through metal recycling: a review

Metal recycling as a path way to sustainable development of Nigeria solid minerals deposits has been reviewed. This paper brings to bear the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030), classification of solid mineral deposits in Nigeria, potential contribution of the solid mineral sector to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), lifetime (lifecycle) management of a mineral resource, sustaining mineral resource through metal recycling (use of secondary materials) with some of its accompanying benefits, economics of metal recycling and the need for environmental impact assessment when sitting a recycling plant. The review has revealed the following; Metal recycling could oil the nation’s wheel of realising some of the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), every state in Nigeria has at least one solid mineral deposit, one tonne of steel made from recycled steel translates to saving 1,115kg of iron ore, 625kg of coal and 53kg of limestone, recycling results in reduction of about 200 million tonnes yearly of CO2 emissions, recycling also results in 76%, 40% and 86% reduction in water pollution, water usage and air pollution respectively and energy savings derivable from recycling 39% aluminum, 31% copper, 74% lead, 42% steel and 20% zinc are 95%, 85%, 60%, 62-74% and 60% respectively. Therefore, metal recycling provides one of the viable tools for sustaining the nation’s solid mineral deposits especially the metallic ores for the benefit of generations yet to be born