Association of CYP17 and SRD5A2 gene polymorphisms with Prostate cancer risk among Iranian and Indian populations

Aims and objectives: Prostate cancer is a complicated disease that genetics and environmental factors may be playing a promoting role in its progression. Polymorphism of genes such as steroid hormone receptors are having very important role in developing this disease. One such gene, CYP17 is playing role in hydroxylation and SRD5A2 gene, the predominant 5&alpha-reductase isozyme in prostate, catalyzes the conversion of testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is required for the normal growth and development of the prostate gland. The purpose of this study was to investigate association of CYP17 and SRD5A2 genes polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk. Materials and methods: PCR-RFLP analysis of CYP17 and SRD5A2 genes were performed on 100 prostate cancer patients admitted to the Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India, and 150 patients from Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, compared with equal number of matching controls for each group visiting same centers for other reason. The data was analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 19), using logistic regression. Results: In this case-control study, there was a significant increase with risk of prostate cancer association for individuals carrying one copy of CYP17 A2 allele in Iranian (OR= 2.10 95% CI, 1.03-4.27 P=0.041) and Indian populations (OR= 2.16 95% CI, 1.08-4.33 P=0.029). While the risk was decreased in individuals having two A2 alleles in both groups. Compared with men having the VV genotype of SRD5A2 gene, there was no significant association between the VL genotype and the risk of prostate cancer among Iranian (OR, 0.87 95% CI, 0.49 -1.56 P=0.661) and Indian (OR, 0.99 95% CI, 0.54 -1.81 P=0.989) patients. Also there was no difference in the occurrence of the genotype LL between prostate cancer patients and control groups in both studied populations therefore, there was no association between this genotype and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion: It seems to be an association between A2A2 genotype of CYP17 gene with the risk of prostate cancer but no association was found with any alleles of SRD5A2 gene with this risk

Association of C/T polymorphism in 3´UTR of E-cadherin gene with ovarian cancer risk

Background and Objective: Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy. One of the most important genes in Wnt signaling pathway is E-cadherin (CDH1), which is involved in epithelial cell-cell interaction and plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of intercellular adhesion, cell polarity and tissue architecture. E-cadherin codes a group of connector proteins which caused to intercellular adhesion. It has an important role in adhesion of blastomere and ability to bind fetal tissues. Nucleotide change in the coding region of this gene may lead to develop ovarian cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of +54C/T (Rs1801026) 3΄UTR of E-cadherin gene polymorphism with ovarian cancer risk. Methods: This case-control study was done on 100 tissue samples of patients with ovarian cancer as cases and 100 age-matched healthy women as control in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The E-cadherin gene polymorphism was determined by using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: There was no association between CT (95% CI: 0.81-4.31; OR=1.87; P<0.14) and TT (95% CI: 0.73-2.38; OR=1.44; P<0.29) genotypes and ovarian cancer. No association was found between genotypes with grade and stage of cancer. Conclusion: There is no correlation between +54C/T (Rs1801026) 3΄UTR of E-cadherin gene polymorphism with ovarian cancer

Relationship Between MicroRNA129-2 Expression and Cervical Cancer in Patients Infected with HPV

Abstract Background and Aim: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer that is the first cause of mortality among women in the world and the seventh rank among all cancers. One of the risk factors for cervical cancer is infection with the papilloma virus. On the other hand, microRNAs have been suggested as new markers for cervical cancer diagnosis. Meanwhile, microRNA129-2 is a cellular proliferation inhibitor and an invertebrate cellular agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of microRNA129-2 in women with papilloma virus infected cervical cancer and compare it with women with cervical cancer without infection with papilloma virus and healthy group. &nbsp; Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 paraffin tissue samples from women with papilloma virus infected cervical cancer, 20 samples of paraffin tissue from women with cervical cancer without infection of the papilloma virus and 20 samples of normal pap smear from Mirzakochek Khan Hospital The forest was collected in Tehran in 1394. After de-paraffinization, extraction of RNA was performed and expression of miR129-2 was investigated using Real Time PCR method among the groups. Data was analyzed using Grafpad prism6 software. &nbsp; Results: According to the results a significant decrease was seen in the expression of this gene in infected patients compared to control group (p = 0.0004). Also, expression of miR129-2 in infected tissues of papilloma viruses was reduced in comparison with non-contaminated cancerous tissues (p = 0.0001). Although this decrease in expression was observed between the patients without infection with the papilloma virus and the control group, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.083). There was no significant relationship between expression of miR129-2 with age (p = 0.99) and grade of disease (p = 0.39). &nbsp; Conclusion: Considering the reduced expression of miR129-2 in cancerous samples, the expression of miR129-2 expression can be considered as a valuable initial diagnostic agent and it plays an important role in determining the prognosis of cervical cancer. &nbsp

Frequency of *4 allele in CYP2D6 gene and its Association with Ovarian Cancer Risk in Tehran, Iran

Background & aim: CYP2D6&nbsp;enzyme is one of the most important members of the&nbsp;cytochrome&nbsp;P450 superfamily which play an important role in the metabolism of many drugs. The&nbsp;CYP2D6&nbsp;gene&nbsp;presents a high allele heterogeneity that significantly stimulated many changes between individuals in a population, so that classified into extensive, intermediate, or poor drug metabolizers. The CYP2D6*4&nbsp;allele&nbsp;is the most common polymorphic&nbsp;allele of&nbsp;CYP2D6&nbsp;gene which due to a nucleotide change of&nbsp;G&rarr;A )G1934&rarr;A(, resulting in a reduced or lack of activity of CYP iso-enzyme. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of&nbsp;CYP2D6*4&nbsp;allele among patient and control groups and to find out the relationship of this polymorphism with the risk of ovarian cancer patients in Tehran. Methods: In the present case-control study, samples were collected in tubes containing EDTA. DNA is extracted from cancer tissue and blood controls group were performed. The frequency of CYP2D6*4&nbsp;allele was determined among 120 patients who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital by PCR-RFLP method and then compared with 125 normal controls who visited the same center. The collected data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The results show that the prevalence of patients group with poor metabolism of drugs (PM) 13.3%, heterozygotes extensive&nbsp;metabolizer (HEM) 23.3% and extensive metabolizer (EM) was 63.3% respectively. The results indicated no significant association was seen between HEM and ovarian cancer risk (OR=1.27; CI 95% ; 2.85-0.56; P=0.55). Also no association was observed between PM and risk of this disease among the studied population (OR=0.75; CI 95%; 1.38-0.41; P= 0.36). Conclusion: There was no meaningful association between CYP2D6*4&nbsp;allele which results in variations&nbsp;of G1934&rarr;A genetic polymorphism and ovarian cancer has been observed in the study population

Association Study of Polymorphism in CYP3A5 Gene with Bladder Cancer

Aims and objectives: The environmental procarcinogen hypothesis of tumour pathogenesis proposes that many carcinogens require metabolic activation by drug metabolizing enzymes to form the proximate carcinogen. CYP3A enzyme catalyzes the conversion of numerous numbers of xenobiotics including carcinogens and drugs and it is involved in metabolic pathways of activation of procarcinogens and/or inactivation of carcinogens during the tumorigenic processes. CYP3A5 is expressed polymorphically in human liver, but consistently in lung, colon, and kidney. An allelic variant of A to G (A6986G) transition causes CYP3A5*3 variant and this polymorphic expression confers low CYP3A5 protein expression as a result of improper mRNA splicing and reduced translation of a functional protein. The purpose of this study was to analysis the frequency of mutations in CYP3A5 gene and to determine the role of its polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients. Methods: For this purpose, PCR-RFLP analysis of the gene was on 113 bladder cancer patients and same number of age-matched controls admitted to Hashemi Nezhad Hospital was performed. Then the data was analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 19). Results: The incidence of CYP3A5*3 allele was more in patients and control group compared with the wild type (CYP3A5*1). It was 79.6% and 75.2% in patients and controls respectively which indicated that the mutant allele of CYP3A5*3 was more in the studied population with an OR of 1.837 (95% CI=0.975-3.460, P= 0.62). Also there was found that the frequency of both alleles were high in female compared with male. Conclusions: There was no significant association between the risk of bladder cancer for individuals carrying the CYP3A5*3 genotype

Frequency of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis among the women with vaginal infection in Robat Karim-Tehran (2013)

Background: Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis are among the major causes of vaginosis, which their detection is difficult in culture media. The aim of this study was to compare two detection methods (PCR and conventional culture media) for the determination of frequency of these bacteria among women with vaginal infection. Material and Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a study for patients with bacterial vaginosis admitted to Imam Zaman and Imam Khomeini Hospitals (n=250) in comparison with healthy women with no vaginal infections (n=150). The extracted DNA was used as template to amplify 16srRNA coding gene using specific primers in two separate PCR reactions. Then the data were analyzed using the logistic regression at the P&lt;0.05 significant level. Results: The results indicated that 38 and 46.8 of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis were positive in culture, while this was the case in 68.8 and 77 of samples in PCR, respectively. The results show that the using PCR for molecular identification of bacteria is highly accurate, sensitive and particularly specific, where the culture negative samples were detected by this method. Conclusion: For the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis among the vaginotic cases PCR is a highly reliable and sensitive method compared to the culture media. Using specific primers, PCR can confidently detect and separate infectious agents even in the genesis and species level

Frequency of Polymorphism in Aromatase Enzyme Coding Gene with Prostate Cancer Risk in North Indian Population

Background: A series of biochemical reactions are involved in the endogenous production of estrogens. Their final and rate-limiting step is catalyzed by aromatase belonging to the class XIX of cytochrome P450. CYP19 is a key enzyme for estrogen synthesis in males. It catalyzes the irreversible conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol-17&beta;, respectively. Aromatase P450 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-reproducing cells in which it is expressed. The effects of the resulting estrogens are mediated through the estrogen receptor. One of the most important polymorphism, is a C to T variation in exon 7 resulting in an Arg264Cys amino acid exchange, has been shown to be very common in Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of CYP19 gene polymorphism with the prostate cancer risk among the studied population. Methods: PCR-RFLP analysis of CYP19 gene was on 100 prostate cancer patients and an equal number of matching controls. The data was analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 19). Results: The frequency of CT genotype was higher in patients (37%) as compared to controls (21.2%) and this incidence was statistically significant (OR, 2.10; 95 % CI, 1.02-4.34; P=0.044). Stratification of patients according to the risk factors, resulted in a slightly improved OR in individuals carrying CT compared to CC genotype (OR, 2.35 95% CI, 1.11-4.96; P=0.024). The TT genotype was not significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.16-2.50; P=0.519). Conclusion: It seems that CT genotype is more associated with cancer prostate compare with other genotypes. It appears to be an increased risk of prostate cancer associated with the Arg264Cys substitution in the CYP19 gene

Comparison of culture and PCR methods for diagnosis of vaginal infection due to Mycoplasma Hominis

Background and Objective: Mycoplasma Hominis is the smallest pathogenic bacteria, with no cell wall and free living organisms. It grows slowly and the conventional clinical microbiology techniques can not be applied due to difficulties in cultivation in particular slow growth incubation. This study was done to compare the culture and PCR methods for diagnosis of vaginal infection due to Mycoplasma Hominis. Methods: This laboratory test evaluation study was done on 150 patients with bacterial vaginosis and 50 healthy people with no infection as control, whom refereed to Imam Khomeini and Imam Zaman Hospitals in Tehran. Samples were collected in PPLO culture for growth and PBS to perform PCR method. Results: 35.3% and 76% of patients were positive using culture and PCR methods, respectively. Using PCR method 8% of control subjects was positive. There was no significant association between PCR method with abortion, place of residence and also level of educations. There was a significant association between the age (P<0.05), times of changing under wear cloths (P<0.05) and parity (P<0.05). Conclusion: PCR method is a more reliable technique to detect the vaginal infection due to Mycoplasma Hominis compared to culturing