Acute diarrhoea with severe dehydration and complications in a 1-year-old child: a case report in a hospital with low resource setting

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality because can lead to complications such as hypovolemic shock, electrolyte disturbances and metabolic acidosis. In this case study, the author would like to demonstrate management of diarrhea in a hospital with limited resources. A 1-year-old boy presented with complaints of watery stools 6 times/day, vomiting 3 times/day and fever. Child appeared weak, refused to drink, experience rapid and heavy breathing, and a loss of consciousness. Physical examination revealed heart rate about 156 per min, peripheral pulse was not palpable, respiratory rate 44 per min, oxygen saturation 98% and temperature about 36.7°C. When crying, the face appeared haggard, the eyes sunken, and there were no tears, reduced bowel noise, longer skin turgor and the capillary refill time increases. Laboratory findings showed leucocytosis (23,600/µl), hyponatremia (127 mmol/l) and hypokalemia (2.66 mmol/l). He was treated with resuscitation fluid administration, Ringer lactate 20 cc/kg BW in 20 min continue with 30 ml/kg BW in 30 min and 70 ml/kg BW 2 hrs 30 min later. The patient was then administered with D5% 500 cc±28 cc sodium bicarbonate, 27 cc+KCL 7.4% within 24 hour. The patient was also given oxygen therapy, antibiotic, probiotics and zinc. The patient was discharged home on hospitalization day 5 with a significant improvement condition. Diarrhea can lead to complications that cause of death in diarrhea cases. This case report highlighted to recognize signs and symptoms and manage severe diarrhea in a hospital with limited resources

Clinical picture of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children at Ruteng hospital

Background: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is the main cause of acute nephritis in children, globally reaches more than 470,000 cases per year, 97% of which occur in developing countries. Sublinical cases are 4 times more common than symptomatic, so reports on the incidence of acute PSGN are very limited. Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective method from medical records at RSUD Ruteng from January to June 2023. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SSPS) 22 program. Results: Results of the study were obtained as 37 pediatric patients with acute PSGN. The patients age ranged 4-17 years with an average 9 years, 51.4% women and 48.6% men. Most cases occur after respiratory tract infections (75.7%). Symptoms of edema and hypertension (89.2% stage I and 10.8% stage II) was found in all patients and become the reason why patients come. Patients experienced macroscopic hematuria 16.2%. The laboratory test showed 100% microscopic hematuria, proteinuria in 72.1% and ASTO titer increased by more than 200 IU in all patients. Eleven patients with complications, acute renal failure (24.3%), hypertension encephalopathy (5.4%) and 1 patient with pulmonary edema. The average length of stay is 8 days (3-22 days). Conclusions: The incidence of acute PSGN at RSUD Ruteng within 6 months is quite high. Acute PSGN in children causes severe complicationsand longer treatment. The prevention is needed to care about the importance of clean and healthy living behavior

Accuracy Assessment of the ESA CCI 20M Land Cover Map: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa

This working paper presents the overall and spatial accuracy assessment of the European Space Agency (ESA) 20 m prototype land cover map for Africa for four countries: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa. This accuracy assessment was undertaken as part of the ESA-funded CrowdVal project. The results varied from 44% (for South Africa) to 91% (for Gabon). In the case of Kenya (56% overall accuracy) and South Africa, these values are largely caused by the confusion between grassland and shrubland. However, if a weighted confusion matrix is used, which diminishes the importance of the confusion between grassland and shrubs, the overall accuracy for Kenya increases to 79% and for South Africa, 75%. The overall accuracy for Ivory Coast (47%) is a result of a highly fragmented land cover, which makes it a difficult country to map with remote sensing. The exception was Gabon with a high overall accuracy of 91%, but this can be explained by the high amount of tree cover across the country, which is a relatively easy class to map

Chemical microanalysis with cavity-enhanced optical waveguide devices

Three examples of cavity-enhanced measurements of refractive index and optical absorption are discussed. Using microphotonic silicon-on-insulator ring-resonators we determine the concentration of cyclohexane and m-xylene at detection levels of 300-3000 ppm. The gases are first absorbed into a siloxane polymer and its refractive index change is detected by a characteristic wavelength shift of the cavity resonance. In a second device phase-shift cavity ring-down spectroscopy is applied to simultaneously measure the optical absorption at two wavelengths of either a dye, nucleic acids or a pharmaceutical component. Multiplexing the ring-down measurement permits dual wavelength absorption spectroscopy without the use of a dispersion element. Finally, a combination of resonance wavelength measurements and cavity ring-down spectroscopy is used to simultaneously determine the change in refractive index and the absorption induced by adsorption of ethylene diamine on a 300 \u3bcm silica sphere. A whispering gallery mode of the microsphere resonator is excited with intensity modulated light and the intensity and AM modulation phase of the Rayleigh backscattered light is measured. \ua9 2012 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye