14,264 research outputs found
Nonlinear Sigma Model Analysis of the AFM Phase Transition of the Kondo Lattice
We have studied the antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition of a 2D
Kondo-Heisenberg square lattice using the non-linear sigma model. A
renormalization group analysis of the competing Kondo -- RKKY interaction was
carried out to 1-loop order in the expansion, and a new quantum
critical point is found, dominated by Kondo fluctuations. In addition, the
spin-wave velocity scales logarithmically near the new QCP, i.e breakdown of
hydrodynamic behavior. The results allow us to propose a new phase diagram near
the AFM fixed point of this 2D Kondo lattice model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Decision-making regarding total knee replacement surgery: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent condition that can result in disability and reduced quality of life. The evidence suggests that total knee replacement surgery (TKR) is an effective intervention for patients with severe knee problems, but there is also an unmet need for this treatment in the UK. To help understand the reason for this unmet need, the aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence the decision-making process of TKR surgery by synthesising the available evidence from qualitative research on this topic
The Suppression of Radiation Reaction and Laser Field Depletion in Laser-Electron beam interaction
The effects of radiation reaction (RR) have been studied extensively by using
the ultraintense laser interacts with the counter-propagating relativistic
electron. At the laser intensity at the order of W/cm, the
effects of RR are significant in a few laser period for a relativistic
electron. However, the laser at such intensity is tightly focused and the laser
energy is usually assumed to be fixed. Then, the signal of RR and energy
conservation cannot be guaranteed. To assess the effects of RR in a tightly
focused laser pulse and the evolution of the laser energy, we simulate this
interaction with a beam of electrons by means of Particle-in-Cell (PIC)
method. We observed that the effects of RR are suppressed due to the
ponderomotive force and accompanied by a non-negligible amount of laser field
energy reduction. This is due to the ponderomotive force that prevents the
electrons from approaching the center of the laser pulse and leads to the
interaction at weaker field region. At the same time, the laser energy is
absorbed through ponderomotive acceleration. Thus, the kinetic energy of the
electron beam has to be carefully selected such that the effects of RR become
obvious.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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