Determinants of the daily rhythm of blood fluidity

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Study of Genetic Effects of Sulphur Mustard Gas on Former Workers of Ohkunojima Poison Gas Factory and Their Offspring

General health examination and one-dimensional electrophoretic examination to detect mutations at the protein level were conducted in order to elucidate potential genetic effects of sulphur mustard gas on children of the former workers of Ohkunojima Poison Gas Factory. In the general examination, no disease which was definitely considered to be caused by genetic effects was observed, and no examination values obtained for the children proved to be significantly abnormal compared with those for their parents. Blood samples from 456 children were electrophoretically examined for 30 protein systems. A total of 36 protein variants were detected in 10 protein systems, and the frequency of variants was 2.63 per 1,000 tests. Family study was completed for 32 of these variants, all of which were confirmed to be genetic variants. In 29,868 locus tests, mutation occurred in germ cells of parents could not be detected. Among 36 variants, two PGM2 variants and one GPI variant were detected for the first time in this study

A study on the evaluation of the occupational health nurse's intervention for health promotion

働き盛り世代への健康づくりに向けた働きかけの示唆を得るため,ヘルスプロモーションを発展させたT社における26年間の保健師の働きかけと社員の変化を分析することにより,ヘルスプロモーションに向かうための保健師の働きかけを評価し,具体的な働きかけ方の手がかりを得ることを目的とした.方法は,50-55歳の社員150名の保健行動や健康意識に関するアンケート調査,安全衛生管理概要34年間分(1967-2000年)とT社保健活動に関する報告書・論文13編の分析,保健師への面接調査を行った.質的分析法に従って報告書・論文及び面接調査から得られたデータを基に保健師の唱道及び身体活動の増加に向けた働きかけについてモデルを用いて分析した.働きかけの評価を唱道に焦点を当てて,PRECEDE-PROCEEDモデルをもとに分析した結果,個人としての人生の開拓や組織の中での自己実現を健康的な行動と結びつけ,持続的な動機づけを図るとともに,受容・報奨的な働きかけと課題を課す働きかけを使い分ける戦略的側面が明らかになった.身体活動の増加をめざした働きかけについて,Marcusらの決定バランス尺度では賛成項目においてより具体的に働きかけられており,体験的プロセスにより多くの内容が見出せた.社員の行動は,変化しやすいものと変化し難いものがあり,運動等変化し難いものには,ストレスや仕事との関連が考えられたが,他調査と比較すると運動を行っているものは多く,長期的な働きかけの影響が示唆された.The purpose of this study were 1) to evaluate of the occupational health nurse's intervention process over 26 years in an enterprise which succeeded in promoting health, 2)to analyze the transformation of employee's health behaviors in the enterprise, and 3)to consider the occupational health nurse's effectiveintervention in health promotion. Questionnaires were sent to 150 employees in the enterprise who were50-55 years old to investigate their health behavior and sense of health value. We also reviewed documentsabout safety and health in the enterprise during the 1967-2000 period and 13 published literatures abouthealth practices in the enterprise. Data were collected by interview and from the 13 published literatures.Following a qualitative approach design, these data were analyzed to ascertain how the occupationl healthnurse advised and intervened there so as to increase and then sustain the proportion of individuals inadopting regular exercise.As a result of this analysis, we found the following:1) By an analysis based on the framework of a PRECEDE-PROCEED model, the occupational health nurseadvocated health promotion to the individual and the organization by connecting their life and self-realization in the organization with healthy behavior, and encouraged them to maintain their motivation.She advocated both rewarding interventions and imposing a task on them as a strategy.2) By analyzing the Decisional Balance measure for exercise, she emphasized positive features moreconcretely than negative features.3) In employees, there are some behaviors which are relatively easy to transform and others which aremore difficult to transform. It was considered that behaviors which were relatively difficult to transform, forexample exercise, who exercise were related to work and stress. Nevertheless, there are many workerswho exercise and this suggested the efficacy of long-team intervention by the occupational health nurse

Influence of mild hypoxia on cardiorespiratory responses and muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise

This study investigated the influence of cardiorespiratory responses, blood lactate concentration and muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise tests in normoxia and hypoxia. Seven healthy subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer exercise test breathing in random order either room air or a 15% O2 gas mixture. Ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange were measured and computed breath-bybreath. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was estimated continuously via pulse oxymeter. Forearm venous blood for measurement of blood lactate was collected every minute. Continuous-wave near infrared spectroscopy measured peripheral tissue saturation (SO2NIRS) in the vastus lateralis muscle. Significant reduction in oxygen uptake (p<0.01), power output (p<0.01) and SaO2 (p<0.001) was found in peak incremental exercise during hypoxia compared with normoxia. For the same power output in the twoconditions, hypoxia significantly decreased SaO2 (ANOVA: p<0.001) and blood lactate concentration (ANOVA: p<0.05) and increased minute ventilation (ANOVA: p<0.01). In the hypoxic condition, oxygen uptake and SO2NIRS were not found when exercising at the same power output compared with normoxia. This study would suggest that mild hypoxia may be avoided through ventilatory compensation at the alveolar level, and oxygen consumption in alveolar and peripheral tissue oxygenation can be maintained while exercising for the same power output

The effect of clonus and muscle spasm on cardiovascular responses in patients with quadriplegia

頚髄損傷者にみられるクローヌスや筋痙攣が循環動態に与える影響について検討することを目的とした.対象者はC7レベルでの男性頚髄損傷者2名(症例1:年齢41歳;身長172 cm;体重55kg;罹病年数;10年)とし,損傷レベル以下での感覚機能,運動機能ともに消失していた(ASIA gradeA).5分間の車椅子安静座位の後,対象者の麻痺域末梢部に求心性の刺激を加えクローヌスや筋痙攣を誘発した.その際,収縮期血圧(BP),1回拍出量(SV),心拍出量(CO),全末梢血管抵抗値(TPR),心拍数(HR),腓腹筋部ヘモグロビン量(TotalHb),心拍変動高周波成分(HF),腓腹筋筋電図を記録した.刺激により腓腹筋の収縮が筋電図により確認された.症例1ではBP, HR, CO, TPR,HF が増加したが,SV は安静時の80%まで減少した.症例2ではBP, SV, CO,HFは増加した.さらにHRは刺激を加えた直後に,いったん安静時の150%まで増加した後,安静時の75%まで減少した.TPRは安静時の60%まで減少した後,安静時の150%まで増加した.また,TotalHbは両症例ともに変化しなかった.したがって,クローヌスや筋痙攣の出現とともに循環動態に変化がもたらされ血圧が上昇することが示され,末梢部の求心性刺激によるクローヌスや筋痙攣は脊髄内に異常興奮を生じ,反射性の交感神経活動により心臓や血管に影響を与えたことが考えられた.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of clonus and muscle spasm on the cardiovascularresponses of patients with cervical cord injury (CCI). Two males with a lesion at C7 volunteered for thisstudy (Case 1: age 44 years; height 172 cm; weight 55 kg; duration of injury 20 years. Case 2: age 31 years;height 171 cm; weight 50 kg; duration of injury 10 years.). The subjects showed no sensory or motor belowthe level of the lesion (ASIA grade A). Following a rest period of 5 minutes in the wheelchair, peripheralafferent stimulation was performed in subjects. Systolic arterial blood pressure (BP), stroke volume (SV),Cardiac output (CO), Total peripheral resistance (TPR), heart rate (HR), total hemoglobin of calf(TotalHb), high frequency of heart rate variability (HF), and electromyogram (EMG) of gastrocnemiuschanges were measured. In result, following the stimulation, contraction of gastrocnemius wererecognized with EMG. In case 1, BP, HR, CO, TPR and HF increased, whereas SV decreased by about80%.0In case 2, BP, SV, CO and HF increased. Immediately after stimulation, HR increased by about 150-0x1.fcfap+0nd then decreased by about 75%.0 TPR decreased by about 60-0x1.4b3a0b6a4aap-149nd then increased by about 150%.0 TotalHbshowed no change in either subject. These results suggested that clonus and muscle spasm inducedcircular reaction and a marked BP. Peripheral afferent stimulation during Clonus and muscle spasm that isinduced by intraspinal hypersthenia decentralized part of the sympathetic nervous system and influencedheart and blood vessels

Muscle oxygenation trend in patients with hypertensive type 2 diabetes mellitus

本研究は,2型糖尿病患者を高血圧合併の有無により分類し,運動筋酸素動態の差異を明らかにすることを目的とした.運動は,最大随意筋力の30%の強度にて3分30秒間の足関節底屈運動を行い,終了直前30秒間に一時的動脈血流遮断法を併用して,筋酸素利用変化率(%MO2)を算出し,運動終了後の筋酸素化レベル回復時間(TR)を測定した.その結果,高血圧合併2型糖尿病患者は,ヘモグロビンA1cおよび上腕動脈-足動脈間脈波伝播速度(baPWV)が有意に高値を示し(p<0.05),%MO2 に有意差は認められなかった.またTRは有意に延長し(p<0.05),baPWVとTRには有意な正の相関関係を認めた(r=0.58,p<0.05).以上のことから,高血圧合併2型糖尿病患者では,高血圧を合併しない糖尿病患者と比較して,中等度運動での筋酸素化レベルに差異は認められないが,動脈硬化により酸素供給が低下した結果,TRが延長することが明らかとなった.Background : It is known that hypertension with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of arterial stiffness, but it is not clear whether it is accompanied by abnormal oxygenation in the exercising muscle. Methods and results: A total of 50 patients with type 2 diabetes, comprising normotensive patients (n=34, Age:53.6±8.6, BMI:23.0±3.9) and hypertensive patients (n=16, Age:53.9±8.2, BMI:24.5±3.5) , was studied. Right gastronomies muscle oxygenation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy while resting and in a 210 sec planter flexion exercise. Muscle oxygen utilization rate (%MO2) was calculated as the increasing rate of oxygenated hemoglobin/mymoglobin during a 30 sec arterial occlusion, and reoxygenation time (TR) was calculated after arterial occlusion. The results demonstrated that glycol hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and baPWV in hypertensive patients (HbA1c:7.5±1.2%, baPWV:1777.9±320.7 cm/sec) were significantly different from those in normotensive patients (HbA1c:6.7±0.8%, baPWV:1520.2±211.8 cm/sec)(p<0.05, p<0.001), while no difference was observed in %MO2. Moreover, the TR was found to be slower in the hypertensive patients, and showed a positive relationship with the baPWV (r=0.58, p<0.05). From these results, it could be concluded that the arterial stiffness was caused by the decrease of oxygenation and the prolonging of TR in the hypertension with type 2 diabetes patients

Discrimination of athletic characteristics based on exercise physiology and serum biochemistry

The purpose of the present study is to determine whether athletic characteristics can be discriminated by changes in serum components during exercise which are considered to reflect systemic endurance capacity, muscle strength, and the energy metabolism system. Thirteen male long-distance athletes and 8 male short-distance and field athletes performed an incremental exercise test, muscle strength, and endurance test. They were also observed for changes in serum components during exercise. According to data analysis, the discriminant function thus obtained was: Z=0.8220×peakVO2+0.0037×AT+0.0010×MVC+(-0.0276)×60deg/sec+0.2629×MVC500me+(-0.8715)×UN+36.1659(peakVO2: measured value of peak VO2, AT: 0xbfffa670eakVO2, MVC: measured value of the isometric muscle strength, 60deg/sec: peak torque of the isokinetic muscle contraction at 60deg/sec, MVC50-1230722560me: the time for the previously determined isometric muscle strength value to become less than 50%, UN: the increase rate of UN from the value at rest to the maximum value). Subjects were classified into the actual group correctly, while the erroneous discriminant rate was 0.73%.0 In particular, weighting of the discriminant coefficient of peakVO2 and UN was large, indicating that these are useful as parameters for discriminating athletic characteristics

糖尿病患者と健常者におけるR-R間隔変動係数は運動中の循環応答を反映するか?

糖尿病患者と健常者のR-R間隔変動係数(CVR-R)と運動時における循環応答との関連を検討した。対象は2型糖尿病患者8名と,年齢をマッチさせた健常男性8名とした。対象者に自転車エルゴメータを用いた漸増負荷を行い,最大酸素摂取量(・VO2max)と換気性作業閾値(VT)を算出した。次に日を改めて,80%VTに相当する負荷強度で一定負荷運動を行わせた。その後,安静時におけるCVR-Rと,一定負荷運動における酸素摂取と心拍数の時定数を算出した。その結果,1)CVR-Rと・VO2maxはDM群で健常群と比較して低下していた。また,tau HRとtau・VO2はDM群で延長していた。2)tau・VO2とtau HRは二群共に正の相関を,CVR-Rとtau ・VO2は二群共に負の相関を認めた。2・VO2maxとtau HR,・VO2maxとtau・VO2は健常群のみ負の相関を認めた。以上の結果から,CVR-Rは運動に対する循環応答を反映する指標になる可能性が示唆された。また,先行研究において,健常者では運動開始時における循環応答特性は全身持久力を反映するものであることが示唆されているが,本研究では糖尿病患者においては関連を認めないことが明らかとなった。OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relation of the coefficient of variation of the R-R intervals in diabetic patients and healthy subjects, and the cardiovascular responses during exercise. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD: The subjects were 8 males with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 8 age-matched healthy nondiabetic males (healthy controls). All subjects performed an incremental test on a bicycle ergometer at a work rate of 15 Watt・min-1 to determine the maximum oxygen uptake and to calculate ventilatory threshold. Subsequently, on another day, they all performed a constant-load exercise at a work rate chosen to elicit an oxygen uptake equivalent to 800f their individual the ventilatory threshold. The coefficient of variation of the R-R intervals (CVR-R) was calculated from the electrocardiogram at rest and used as an index of autonomic nerve function. The time constant (tau) and steady state level of the kinetic response for oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were calculated using a mono-exponential model under constant- load exercise. RESULTS: 1) CVR-R andVO2max were significantly lower in the diabetic patients than in the healthy controls. Tau HR and tauVO2 were significantly longer in the diabetic patients than in the healthy controls. 2) TauVO2 and tau HR were significantly positively correlated in both groups, whereas CVR-R and tau HR, and tauVO2 were significantly negatively correlated in both groups. 3)VO2max and tau HR, and tauVO2 were significantly negatively correlated only in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CVR-R may reflect the characteristics of cardiovascular responses to exercise. However, though some previous studies have postulated that these characteristics of cardiovascular responses to exercise reflect cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy controls, our study confirmed no such correlation in diabetic patients

Vastus lateralis oxygenation during prolonged cycling in healthy males

This study examined the relationship between the acute cardiorespiratory and muscleoxygenation/blood volume changes during prolonged exercise. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean VO2max = 41.6 ± 2.4 ml/kg/min) performed 60 minutes submaximal cycling at 500f VO2max. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured by indirect spirometry, cardiac output (CO) was estimated via Portapres, and right vastus lateralis oxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (OxyHb/Mb), deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (DeoxyHb/Mb) and total hemoglobin/myoglobin (Total Hb/Mb) were recorded using near infrared spectroscopy. After 40 minutes of exercise, there was a significant increase in VO2 due to a significantly higher (a – v)O2diff. After 30 mins of exercise CO was unchanged, but there was a significant decrease in stroke volume and a proportionate increase in heart rate indicating the occurrence of cardiovascular drift. During the first few minutes of exercise, there was a decline in OxyHb/Mb and Total Hb/Mb while DeoxyHb/Mb remained unchanged. Thereafter OxyHb/Mb and Total Hb/Mb increased systematically until the termination of exercise while DeoxyHb/Mb declined. After 40 minutes of exercise, these changes were significantly different from the baselines values. There were no significant correlations between the changes in the NIRS variables and systemic VO2 or mixed (a – v)O2diff during exercise. These results suggest that factors other than localized changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume account for the increased VO2 during prolonged submaximal exercise

The relation between subjective symptom and circulation during orthostatic stress using a tilt table

起立負荷時における気分不良の有無と体循環,脳循環との関係について検討することを目的とし,電動チルト台を用いて起立負荷を行った.対象者は20代の自律神経疾患を有さない健常女性12名とし,起立負荷によって気分不良を示さなかった群を正常群とし,示した群を気分不良群とした.電動tilt tableを0°→ 30°→ 45°→ 60°→ 0°と変化させ,各段階を約3分ずつ保持した.その際,平均動脈血圧(MBP),心拍出量,心拍数,1回拍出量,総末梢血管抵抗,腓腹筋内側頭部のTotal Hb,中大脳動脈の平均血流速度(FV)と末梢血管抵抗(PI)を測定し,気分不良尺度を10段階評価でもって記録した.その結果,正常群は起立負荷に伴いFVは低下を示したが,MBP,PIに著変はなく,気分不良群はMBPの上昇に対してPIは減少し,FVはほぼ変化はみられなかった.一般的にめまいなどの気分不良症状は脳血流量の減少により生じるとされていたが,今回の結果では気分不良には脳血流量の増加による脳細動脈へのストレスなどが考えられた.This study aimed at considering the relation between subjective symptoms and the circulation of healthy women during orthostatic stress using a tilt table. From 12 healthy women in there twenties who don't have autonomic nervous disorders, two groups were formed: 1) a normal group which didn't feel ill during orthostatic stress, and 2) a FI group which feel ill during orthostatic stress. An electric tilt table was changed from 0°→30°→45°→60°→0°, and each stage was held for about 3 minutes. Mean artery blood pressure (MBP), cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance and total hemoglobin at the part of interior gastrocnemius (Total Hb), flow velocity (FV) and peripheral resistance (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured. The scale of poor feeling was also recorded by10 stage evaluations. Consequently, although the normal group showed an FV fall with orthostatic stress,there were no significant changes in MBP and PI. In the FI group, PI decreased but FV didn't show muchchange with the rise of MBP. According to this result, the stress to the arteriola caused not by a fall but anincrease in the cerebral blood flows etc. seems thus to have been the source of the feeling