WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION

Lead additives in automotive fuel, smog from a nearby industrial center warranted an investigation on cadmium and lead in Manisa, a city of tabacco processing. Hundred and one children were screened in view of lead and cadmium exposure. In 23 children between the ages of 0-2 years the mean (+/-SEM) serum lead level was 7.15 +/- 0.10 mu g/dl, in 28 between the ages of 3-6 years was 7.20 +/- 0.10 mu g/dl and in 50 between the ages of 7-15 years was 7.20 +/- 0.10 mu g/dl, respectively, with no significant differences. Serum cadmium levels in the same groups of children was 0.066 +/- 0.008 ng/ml, 0.078 +/- 0.008 ng/ml 0.088 +/- 0.006 ng/ml, respectively. The difference in cadmium levels between the age groups of 0-2 years and 7-15 years was significant (p<0.038). This significant increase in blood cadmium level is also shown by simple linear regression analysis: Cadmium (ng/ml) = 0.049 + 0.005 (age), and p<0.0001, F Ratio = 50.578, coefficient of correlation = 0.581. Our study revealed that lead is not a serious environmental contaminant for children, yet; however, the increasing trend seen in exposure to cadmium warrants serious consideration and urgant preventive measures

Environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the pediatric age group

WOS: 000075531600009Lead additives in automotive fuel, smog from a nearby industrial center warranted an investigation on cadmium and lead in Manisa, a city of tabacco processing. Hundred and one children were screened in view of lead and cadmium exposure. In 23 children between the ages of 0-2 years the mean (+/-SEM) serum lead level was 7.15 +/- 0.10 mu g/dl, in 28 between the ages of 3-6 years was 7.20 +/- 0.10 mu g/dl and in 50 between the ages of 7-15 years was 7.20 +/- 0.10 mu g/dl, respectively, with no significant differences. Serum cadmium levels in the same groups of children was 0.066 +/- 0.008 ng/ml, 0.078 +/- 0.008 ng/ml 0.088 +/- 0.006 ng/ml, respectively. The difference in cadmium levels between the age groups of 0-2 years and 7-15 years was significant (p<0.038). This significant increase in blood cadmium level is also shown by simple linear regression analysis: Cadmium (ng/ml) = 0.049 + 0.005 (age), and p<0.0001, F Ratio = 50.578, coefficient of correlation = 0.581. Our study revealed that lead is not a serious environmental contaminant for children, yet; however, the increasing trend seen in exposure to cadmium warrants serious consideration and urgant preventive measures

Effects of different socioeconomic conditions on menarche in Turkish female students

WOS: 000188868800004PubMed ID: 14757263Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the age at menarche, the menarcheal features, and the association between menarcheal age and socioeconomic status in an urban area in Turkey. In addition, we tried to assess whether there is a relationship between age at menarche and body composition. Methods: We asked some questions about menarche of 1017 female adolescent students in the high schools of Manisa region. Height and weight were measured. The body mass index (BMI; kg/M-2) was used as an index of relative weight. Adolescent girls were grouped into three socioeconomic status according to the educational and occupational levels of their parents. The age at menarche and the menarcheal pattern were evaluated according to the socioeconomic status. Results: The ages of girls involved in the study ranged between 14 and 18 years, with a mean of 15.7+/-1.1 years. Although the menarcheal age was found to be lower in girls with higher socioeconomic status, there was no significant difference between the three different socioeconomic status. In all of the three groups, menarche was more common in summer and fall than in spring and winter. Although the mother was an important source of knowledge in all groups, it was significantly more important in the group with high socioeconomic status. Adolescent girls with low socioeconomic status had fewer premenstrual complaints. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. We found an inverse correlation between menarcheal age and postmenarcheal weight and the BMI (r = -0.14, p = 0.000). However, there was no correlation between menarcheal age and postmenarcheal height. Conclusion: These results indicate that as the social status differences decrease, the difference observed in menarcheal age and pattern disappears in urban areas of developing countries. Menarcheal age may be an indicator of socioeconomic development. It does not influence postmenarcheal height; however, as menarcheal age decreases, BMI increases. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved