Effects of Oily Vehicles on the Bio-availability of Orally Administered, Sodium Salicylates in Rabbit.

The bioavailability of sodium salicylate administered in aqueous, glycerin and oily vehicles was compared in rabbits. Glycerin formulation was compared with both aqueous and oily formulations using a two - way crossover test in eight rabbits, in each study. The results indicate that the oily formulation gave a lower rate of absorption and a greater extent of absorption than the other formulations. No significant difference in the rate and extent of absorption was shown between glycerin and aqueous formulations Possible reasons for the differences are discussed with particular reference to the effects of oils on the gastric emptying rate

The Information System by Uncertainty Theory

The theories of uncertainty are very useful to treatwith mathematics that needs to address and in providing aflexible model to elaborate uncertainty and vagueness involvedin decision making. In this paper, we used the informationsystem by converting the information system to the triangularfuzzy number matrix; into its membership function and bycomputing the relation matrices to take the suitable decisionwith degree. In this paper, we also introduced an application inreal life

Inflammatory signaling and brown fat activity

Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue mediated by the secretion of a range of inflammatory cytokines. In comparison to WAT, relatively little is known about the inflammatory status of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in physiology and pathophysiology. Because BAT and brown/beige adipocytes are specialized in energy expenditure they have protective roles against obesity and associated metabolic diseases. BAT appears to be is less susceptible to developing inflammation than WAT. However, there is increasing evidence that inflammation directly alters the thermogenic activity of brown fat by impairing its capacity for energy expenditure and glucose uptake. The inflammatory microenvironment can be affected by cytokines secreted by immune cells as well as by the brown adipocytes themselves. Therefore, pro-inflammatory signals represent an important component of the thermogenic potential of brown and beige adipocytes and may contribute their dysfunction in obesity

The effect of foliar application of methanol on productivity and fruit quality of grapevine cv. Flame Seedless

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 on 6-year-old grapevine cv. Flame Seedless. The content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and total carbohydrates increased after methanol application. Foliar application of aqueous methanol was very effective increasing the number of leaves per shoot and leaf area. Furthermore, 30 % methanol increased significantly the number of stomata of developing leaves at the first application time (shoot length: 20-30 cm) while 10, 30, 40 and 50 % methanol solutions were more effective at the second application date (prebloom). Increasing the chlorophyll content, the leaf area and the number of stomata per unit leaf area by methanol application increased net productivity of vines. There was a highly significant positive correlation between total yield, chlorophyll and carbohydrates content. Generally, all methanol treatments significantly increased length and diameter of shoots and internode length at both application dates. Application of methanol increased total soluble solids (TSS), the TSS/acid ratio and total anthocyanins in berry skins but decreased total acidity. Most significant effects were obtained by spraying 30 % methanol at the two application dates.

OFDM PAPR reduction for image transmission using improved tone reservation

High peak to average power ration (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an important problem, which increase the cost and complexity of high power amplifiers. One of the techniques used to reduce the PAPR in OFDM system is the tone reservation method (TR). In our work we propose a modified tone reservation method to decrease the PAPR with low complexity compared with the conventional TR method by process the high and low amplitudes at the same time. An image of size 128×128 is used as a source of data that transmitted using OFDM system. The proposed method decrease the PAPR by 2dB compared with conventional method with keeping the performance unchanged. The performance of the proposed method is tested with several numbers of subcarriers; we found that the PAPR is reduced as the number of subcarriers decreased

Is "Better Data" Better than "Better Data Miners"? (On the Benefits of Tuning SMOTE for Defect Prediction)

We report and fix an important systematic error in prior studies that ranked classifiers for software analytics. Those studies did not (a) assess classifiers on multiple criteria and they did not (b) study how variations in the data affect the results. Hence, this paper applies (a) multi-criteria tests while (b) fixing the weaker regions of the training data (using SMOTUNED, which is a self-tuning version of SMOTE). This approach leads to dramatically large increases in software defect predictions. When applied in a 5*5 cross-validation study for 3,681 JAVA classes (containing over a million lines of code) from open source systems, SMOTUNED increased AUC and recall by 60% and 20% respectively. These improvements are independent of the classifier used to predict for quality. Same kind of pattern (improvement) was observed when a comparative analysis of SMOTE and SMOTUNED was done against the most recent class imbalance technique. In conclusion, for software analytic tasks like defect prediction, (1) data pre-processing can be more important than classifier choice, (2) ranking studies are incomplete without such pre-processing, and (3) SMOTUNED is a promising candidate for pre-processing.Comment: 10 pages + 2 references. Accepted to International Conference of Software Engineering (ICSE), 201

MEASURING STRATEGIES FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN LIBYAN TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING

The purpose of this research is to measure the strategies for knowledge management and organisational performance in Libya using an approach to structural equation modelling (SEM). The research method of this analysis is a quantitative method only, where the total sample size is assumed to be 453 using simple random sampling. The structural model for this analysis showed the relationships between the variables. The results show that the framework of knowledge management is significantly related to the strategy of knowledge management, while knowledge management practise is significantly related to the strategy of knowledge management. However, the framework of knowledge management was found not to be very positively linked to organisational performance. Unexpectedly, in terms of significantly related to organisational performance, knowledge management activity has also not been considered relevant. Knowledge management approach, on the other hand, is positively linked to organisational performance and to the reciprocal relationship between the system of knowledge management and the practise of knowledge management. By offering an empirically validated model that could be used to forecast organisational performance as a whole, this study has added to established knowledge. JEL: L10; L25; L91 Article visualizations

A CONCEPTUALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY TOWARD ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE IN THE LIBYAN TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY

This conceptual paper aims to examine the relationship between the knowledge management strategy and organizational performance in Libya transportation industry. Libya’s government policy proposals for public organisation reform have largely failed to encourage the development of information. The transport industry is suffering from a shortage of backward-integrated equipment. Most Arab nations have inherited their transparent authoritative practises from their previous founder legacies. This is despite the way in which the region needs knowledge management as never before due to the evolving way of global aggression. Also, the introduction and use of different information technologies in an enterprise will be the key to conducting knowledge management activities in the transport industry. The promotion of trust among members of intra- and inter-organizational teams is of primary concern for the establishment of a strong and sound knowledge base. It takes some time to establish a desired knowledge culture for the sharing of knowledge and exchange of knowledge. However, only a small section of the public would appreciate gains and any aspect of it could be overlooked by the rest. It should strive to develop the academic resources of the general public and involve people in basic leadership in general. JEL: L10; L25; L91 Article visualizations