Comparison of IMA, YKL-40, EN-RAGE, and AIM levels in maternal blood and cord blood in patients with preeclampsia

Aim: Preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia are among the most significant causes of maternal mortality. Preeclampsia’s pathogenesis is not fully understood, and it is a disease with early diagnosis and treatment possibilities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of IMA, YKL-40, EN-RAGE, and AIM in maternal and cord blood. The results will ideally shed light on preeclampsia’s pathogenesis and early diagnosis. Methods: The study was conducted with the following three groups: a severe preeclampsia group (group 1), a preeclampsia group (group 2), and a control group (group 3). IMA, YKL-40, EN-RAGE, and AIM levels were measured in all patients across the groups using blood taken from the mothers before delivery and from the cords during delivery. Statistically descriptive analyses were performed. Specifically, a one-way analysis of variance was performed on group variables, and a Tukey test was used to determine the differences between the groups. Results: The mean age was similar across all groups. The gestational week at delivery was low for the severe preeclampsia group (p=0.001). The IMA and YKL-40 levels in the maternal and cord blood were the same between the groups. The EN-RAGE levels in the maternal blood were found to be significantly higher in the control group (p=0.000). While the AIM levels in the maternal blood were high in the control group (p=0.001), they were significantly lower in the cord blood in the control group (p=0.029). Conclusion: EN-RAGE and AIM levels are parameters that can be used in the early diagnosis of preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia

Anthropometric evaluation of mandibular characteristics in the medieval Kurdish population of Girê Kortikê: Sex-based variations and comparative analysis

Introduction: This research seeks to develop population-specific standards for skeletal sex determination, focusing on the medieval Kurdish population of Girê Kortikê and the mandible, a skull component presenting the highest degree of sexual dimorphism. This is the first study of its kind for this population. The research's primary objectives were to conduct anthropometric evaluations of several mandibular characteristics within this population, assess sex-based variations, determine relationships between various mandibular sizes, and contrast these findings with other existing studies. Materials and methods: A total of 121 mandibles (55 women, 66 men) were measured using 14 distinct anthropometric techniques, applying Pearson correlation coefficients, student's t-test, and principal component analysis (PCA) for comparison. Results: The study examined and discussed disparities between some chosen mandibular measurements and data from other populations. Statistically significant sex differences (p < 0.05) and correlations were identified in 12 of the anthropological measurements. The research found that the greater the height of the symphysis (GNI), the higher the foramen mentale height (FBB). Average measurements significantly deviated from the medieval Kurdish population when compared to populations in Santa Maria Xigui, Mexico (XIG), and Mexico City (MEX). Conclusion: No correlation was found between the height of the mandibular body (HML) and the mandible length (MLT). The study suggested distinct mandibular angle (MAN) sizes between sexes, indicating unique characteristics within the Girê Kortikê population, warranting further research for a more comprehensive evaluation. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the mandible's anatomical, historical, and cultural relevance in sex determination within the Girê Kortikê population