Study of Combined Cleaning Process of Sunroot Tubers

Elaboration and improvement of the process of raw material cleaning is an urgent scientifically technical process. The one of most prospective directions of vegetables cleaning process intensification is the elaboration of combined methods of their cleaning. The improvement of tubers cleaning process is based on the combination of thermal processing of sunroot tubers by steam and the process of further mechanical additional cleaning.The experimental studies of the influence of parameters of the process of sunroot thermal processing by steam on a tuber surface layer transformation were carried out. The influence of the steam pressure and the duration of the process of tubers thermal processing on the depth of the thermal processing of tuber surface layer and also on the effectiveness of the peel separation were studied. At the same time there were realized the studies as to the influence of the duration of tubers mechanical additional cleaning process on cleaning quality parameters. The experimental apparatus and correspondent method that allow to carry out investigations of the combined process of sunroot tubers cleaning with a possibility to determine the influence of all its parameters on the percent of raw material losses and cleaning quality were elaborated. Rational regimes of the combined process of sunroot tubers cleaning were established

STUDY OF COMBINED CLEANING PROCESS OF SUNROOT TUBERS

Elaboration and improvement of the process of raw material cleaning is an urgent scientifically technical process. The one of most prospective directions of vegetables cleaning process intensification is the elaboration of combined methods of their cleaning. The improvement of tubers cleaning process is based on the combination of thermal processing of sunroot tubers by steam and the process of further mechanical additional cleaning.The experimental studies of the influence of parameters of the process of sunroot thermal processing by steam on a tuber surface layer transformation were carried out. The influence of the steam pressure and the duration of the process of tubers thermal processing on the depth of the thermal processing of tuber surface layer and also on the effectiveness of the peel separation were studied. At the same time there were realized the studies as to the influence of the duration of tubers mechanical additional cleaning process on cleaning quality parameters. The experimental apparatus and correspondent method that allow to carry out investigations of the combined process of sunroot tubers cleaning with a possibility to determine the influence of all its parameters on the percent of raw material losses and cleaning quality were elaborated. Rational regimes of the combined process of sunroot tubers cleaning were established

Universal Multifunctional Device for Heat and Mass Exchange Processes During Organic Raw Material Processing

The proposed innovative design solution of universal multifunctional device ensures implementation of the maximum number of heat exchange processes. They are: aging, drying, blanching, boiling, boiling soft, infusion, mixing, dissolution and partial extraction. Combination of main heat and mass exchange processes in a single device ensures its technological multioperationality and mobility, due to its location on a mobile platform. On the platform, there are: an engine section; a central support for fixing of the operation technological capacity; a section with a steam generator and a vacuum pump, technical lines. A block with automation tools controls the main operation parameters: speed of rotation of the shaft of the mixer; heating temperature; steam pressure and vacuum pressure is used block with automation. There is also an auxiliary technical retractable lifting rail with a rotating mechanism for unloading and loading of the capacity installed.The structural solution of the multifunctional device ensures a use of replaceable section-modular elements. Heating of the technological capacity occurs due to a flexible radiating resistive electric heater of the radiating type, which ensures that the device reaches the operation mode in 1.5 minutes, an ease of maintenance and reduction of the metal capacity of the structure.We established that the universal multifunctional device provides a reduction in duration of heat exchange processes during its approbation. Namely: aging of organic raw materials by 22 %, blanching ‒ by 25 %, extraction ‒ by 21 %, boiling ‒ by 32 %, drying ‒ by 13 %, infusion ‒ by 43 % and dissolution of the fine dispersed fraction ‒ by 20 %. The cost per unit expended on heating of a unit of product is less by 10 % and 19 % compared to UPTODS-150 and KVM-150 caldron, respectively. This confirms the effectiveness of the accepted innovative solution to ensure mobility, energy and resource efficiency, ease of operation and maintenance of the devic

Universal Multifunctional Device for Heat and Mass Exchange Processes During Organic Raw Material Processing

The proposed innovative design solution of universal multifunctional device ensures implementation of the maximum number of heat exchange processes. They are: aging, drying, blanching, boiling, boiling soft, infusion, mixing, dissolution and partial extraction. Combination of main heat and mass exchange processes in a single device ensures its technological multioperationality and mobility, due to its location on a mobile platform. On the platform, there are: an engine section; a central support for fixing of the operation technological capacity; a section with a steam generator and a vacuum pump, technical lines. A block with automation tools controls the main operation parameters: speed of rotation of the shaft of the mixer; heating temperature; steam pressure and vacuum pressure is used block with automation. There is also an auxiliary technical retractable lifting rail with a rotating mechanism for unloading and loading of the capacity installed.The structural solution of the multifunctional device ensures a use of replaceable section-modular elements. Heating of the technological capacity occurs due to a flexible radiating resistive electric heater of the radiating type, which ensures that the device reaches the operation mode in 1.5 minutes, an ease of maintenance and reduction of the metal capacity of the structure.We established that the universal multifunctional device provides a reduction in duration of heat exchange processes during its approbation. Namely: aging of organic raw materials by 22 %, blanching ‒ by 25 %, extraction ‒ by 21 %, boiling ‒ by 32 %, drying ‒ by 13 %, infusion ‒ by 43 % and dissolution of the fine dispersed fraction ‒ by 20 %. The cost per unit expended on heating of a unit of product is less by 10 % and 19 % compared to UPTODS-150 and KVM-150 caldron, respectively. This confirms the effectiveness of the accepted innovative solution to ensure mobility, energy and resource efficiency, ease of operation and maintenance of the devic

Designing a Combined Device for Determining the Place of Arc Discharge

We determined factors that arise during an arc discharge and detected possibility of their use to accelerate protection against arc closure. This enables creation of a combined device for accurate determination of an arc discharge. In particular, we can expand the spectrum of sensitivity of an optical sensor by the use of ultraviolet radiation without its replacement.We considered possibility of acceleration of response of protection against arc closure operation due to refusal of its blocking with relay circuits for maximum current protection and reduction of an influence of solar radiation on operation of PAC (protection against arc closure).We substantiated possibility of development of a more advanced device for protection against arc circuits, which gives possibility to expand the spectrum of the optical sensor in the region of ultraviolet radiation.We proposed the solution of the problem of increasing of sensitivity of protection against arc closure. This is possible by converting the ultraviolet radiation into a visible part of the optical spectrum, which will expand the spectrum of sensitivity of the optical sensor to the region of ultraviolet radiation and, accordingly, increase its sensitivity. This is due to the fact that 70 % of an arc discharge radiation falls on the ultraviolet region and only 15 % on the visible and infrared spectra of the optical radiation.The obtained results give grounds to assert about possibility of realization of a device of combined protection for determination of arc circuits in industrial production, as well as expansion of spectral sensitivity of optical sensors. In addition, we developed a combined device for determination of an arc discharge through a use of an ultrasound system. Known developments devoted to determination of location of an arc discharge by comparing intensity of a signal from a flash at both ends of the ten-meter optical light conductor are characterized by the fact that the maximum difference between the arrival time of signals from a flash point to sensors at the ends of the optical fibers is 5ns. This is a very low temporal level compared to the light conductor length at the velocity of 300,000 km/s.The system proposed in this study uses the sound velocity, which reaches 342/s, to determine an arc discharge, which simplifies a time measurement device for determination of a short circuit greatly and increases accuracy of time measurement by three orders of magnitude (103)

Chronic coronary syndromes without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes: the CLARIFY registry

Background and Aims: It has been reported that patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (SMuRFs—diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and smoking) presenting with first myocardial infarction (MI), especially women, have a higher in-hospital mortality than patients with risk factors, and possibly a lower long-term risk provided they survive the post-infarct period. This study aims to explore the long-term outcomes of SMuRF-less patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: CLARIFY is an observational cohort of 32 703 outpatients with stable CAD enrolled between 2009 and 2010 in 45 countries. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with and without SMuRFs were compared. The primary outcome was a composite of 5-year CV death or non-fatal MI. Secondary outcomes were 5-year all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE—CV death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke). Results: Among 22 132 patients with complete risk factor and outcome information, 977 (4.4%) were SMuRF-less. Age, sex, and time since CAD diagnosis were similar across groups. SMuRF-less patients had a lower 5-year rate of CV death or non-fatal MI (5.43% [95% CI 4.08–7.19] vs. 7.68% [95% CI 7.30–8.08], P = 0.012), all-cause mortality, and MACE. Similar results were found after adjustments. Clinical event rates increased steadily with the number of SMuRFs. The benefit of SMuRF-less status was particularly pronounced in women. Conclusions: SMuRF-less patients with stable CAD have a substantial but significantly lower 5-year rate of CV death or non-fatal MI than patients with risk factors. The risk of CV outcomes increases steadily with the number of risk factors