Measurement invariance of the scientific curiosity scale: A comparative study across gender and governorate in the Omani environment

هدفت الدراسة إلى التحقق من تكافؤ البنية العاملية بمستوياتها الأربعة (الشكلي، المتري، القياسي، ومستوى البواقي) لمقياس حب الاستطلاع العلمي عبر النوع الاجتماعي والمحافظة بسلطنة عُمان، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من657 طالبًا، و587 طالبة من التعليم الأساسي بالصفين التاسع والعاشر في ثلاث محافظات (مسقط، الشرقية شمال، الداخلية)، وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى تحقق تكافؤ البنية العاملية بجميع مستوياتها، مما يعني إمكانية إجراء المقارنات بين المجموعات المختلفة محل الدراسة وفق النوع الاجتماعي والمحافظة. وقد أوصى الباحثون بإمكانية استخدام المقياس في دراسة الفروق بين الجنسين على مستوى المحافظات لمستوى حب الاستطلاع العلمي

Serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence genes screening of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from diarrheic buffalo calves in Egyptian farms

Aim: In Egypt as in many other countries, river water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is considered an important source of high-quality milk and meat supply. The objective of this study was to investigate serotypes, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance determinants profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from buffalo at some places in Egypt; noticibly, this issue was not discussed in the country yet. Materials and Methods: A number of 58 rectal samples were collected from diarrheic buffalo calves in different regions in Egypt, and bacteriological investigated for E. coli existence. The E. coli isolates were biochemically, serologicaly identified, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed for the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants and virulence genes. Results: Overall 14 isolates typed as E. coli (24.1%); 6 were belonged to serogroup O78 (10.3%), followed by O125 (4 isolates, 6.9%), then O158 (3 isolates, 5.2%) and one isolate O8 (1.7%), among them, there were 5 E. coli isolates showed a picture of hemolysis (35.7%). The isolates exhibited a high resistance to β lactams over 60%, followed by sulfa (50%) and aminoglucoside (42.8%) group, in the same time the isolates were sensitive to quinolone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline (100%), and cephalosporine groups (71.4%). A multiplex PCR was applied to the 14 E. coli isolates revealed that all were carrying at least one gene, as 10 carried blaTEM (71.4%), 8 Sul1 (57.1%), and 6 aadB (42.8%), and 9 isolates could be considered multidrug resistant (MDR) by an incidence of 64.3%. A PCR survey was stratified for the most important E. coli virulence genes, and showed the presence of Shiga toxins in 9 isolates carried either one or the two Stx genes (64.3%), 5 isolates carried hylA gene (35.7%), and eae in 2 isolates only (14.3%), all isolates carried at least one virulence gene except two (85.7%). Conclusion: The obtained data displayed that in Egypt, buffalo as well as other ruminants could be a potential source of MDR pathogenic E. coli variants which have a public health importance