Estrategias metodológicas para el análisis y mapeo delictivo en las ciencias sociales

El análisis y mapeo delictivo representa un área fundamental en el estudio de las ciencias sociales, particularmente en el entendimiento y abordaje de fenómenos delictivos en nuestras comunidades. En este presente escrito, nos adentramos en el universo de las estrategias metodológicas aplicadas a este campo, con el objetivo de comprender, visualizar y analizar los aspectos fundamentales que rodean la criminalidad desde una perspectiva investigativa

Information and communication technologies as strategies to strengthen the Interpretation and production of texts

La interpretación y producción de textos siempre ha sido una temática de gran interés investigativo a nivel nacional, debido a los problemas vinculados con los bajos resultados obtenidos en las diferentes pruebas establecidas. Partiendo de esto el propósito de la investigación está dirigido a fortalecer en los estudiantes la competencia Interpretativa y productiva de textos a través de las Tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Se asume un abordaje metodológico desde la investigación cualitativa, orientada desde la investigación acción. La unidad de análisis estuvo constituida por 132 estudiantes de los grados 4 y 5, entre las edades de 0 a 19 años, que conforman las diferentes sedes de la IED Agropecuaria Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes. Los resultados arrojados dejaron ene videncia que al trabajar los temas referentes a la interpretación y producción de textos, se generó un incremento significado en los resultados académicos de los estudiantes; entregando productos de calidad en contenido e interpretación textual.The interpretation and production of texts has always been a topic of great research interest at the national level, due to the problems associated with the low results obtained in the different tests established. Based on this, the purpose of the research is aimed at strengthening students’ interpretive and productive competence in texts through information and communication technologies. It assumes a methodological approach from qualitative research, oriented from the action research. The analysis unit consisted of 132 students of grades 4 and 5, between the ages of 0 to 19 years, which make up the different venues of the IED Farming Our Lady of Mercy. The results thrown away showed that by working on issues related to the interpretation and production of texts, a significant increase in the students’ academic results was generated; delivering quality products in content and textual interpretation

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Capitulo 3. Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades

La investigación busca describir los significados psicológicos en relación con la felicidad, partiendo del sujeto común no experto en la materia. Para ello se utilizará la técnica de Redes Semánticas Naturales Modificadas (RSNM). Esto en el contexto de la UNAD Zona Sur, específicamente con el cuerpo docente de las diferentes escuelas académicas, excepto los que pertenecen al programa de psicología. Esta última decisión en razón a prevenir alguna influencia en los significados derivada de la formación disciplinar de tales docentes, téngase en cuenta que el tema de la felicidad ha sido objeto de estudio desde la psicología. Este es un estudio sobre los significados psicológicos acerca de la felicidad en docentes de la UNAD Zona Sur. Esto a través de la técnica de RSNM, la cual se orienta justamente a dicho propósito. Esto en articulación con el proyecto “Felicidad: un estudio mixto desde la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes de psicología de dos universidades de Latinoamérica”, en el que vienen trabajando docentes de la UNAD en convenio con la UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)

Onchocerciasis (river blindness) – more than a century of research and control

This review summarises more than a century of research on onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, and its control. River blindness is an infection caused by the tissue filaria Onchocerca volvulus affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue and eyes and leading to blindness in a minority of infected persons. The parasite is transmitted by its intermediate hosts Simulium spp. which breed in rivers. Featured are history and milestones in onchocerciasis research and control, state-of-the-art data on the parasite, its endobacteria Wolbachia, on the vectors, previous and current prevalence of the infection, its diagnostics, the interaction between the parasite and its host, immune responses and the pathology of onchocerciasis. Detailed information is documented on the time course of control programmes in the afflicted countries in Africa and the Americas, a long road from previous programmes to current successes in control of the transmission of this infectious disease. By development, adjustment and optimization of the control measures, transmission by the vector has been interrupted in foci of countries in the Americas, in Uganda, in Sudan and elsewhere, followed by onchocerciasis eliminations. The current state and future perspectives for control, elimination and eradication within the next 20–30 years are described and discussed. This review contributes to a deeper comprehension of this disease by a tissue-dwelling filaria and it will be helpful in efforts to control and eliminate other filarial infections

MODELI: An Emotion-Based Software Engineering Methodology for the Development of Digital Learning Objects for the Preservation of the Mixtec Language

In this paper, a methodology termed MODELI (methodology for the design of educational digital objects for indigenous languages) is presented for the development of digital learning objects (DLOs) for the Mixtec language, which is an indigenous Mexican language. MODELI is based on the spiral model of software development and integrates three important aspects for the analysis and design of DLOs: pedagogical, affective-emotional and technological-functional. The premise of MODELI is that the emotional aspect with the inclusion of cultural factors has an important effect on the learning motivation of indigenous users when interacting with the DLO. Principles of the visual, auditory (or aural), read/write, kinesthetic (VARK) model and Kansei engineering were considered for the inclusion of the pedagogical, emotional and technological-functional aspects within the spiral model for the development of MODELI. The methodology was validated with the development of a DLO for a previously unknown variant of the Mixtec language. Usability tests of the DLO built with MODELI evidenced an improvement on the learning motivation and the value of cultural identity of indigenous children. These results are important for the preservation of indigenous languages in Mexico, because most of them are partially documented, and there is social rejection of indigenous culture caused by discrimination of ethnic communities

Guideline for advance life support in clinical emergency. Consensus for the project of training and research for life support. Cienfuegos, 2018

Foundation: Medical clinical emergencies constitute a Health problem worldwide; one of the solutions for reducing its lethality is that professionals of this field know the basics and advanced elements for its early diagnosis and care. The project for training and research in life support in emergencies and disasters may be an academic framework to achieve it.Objective: to update for the Project, the guidelines and teaching strategies for training advanced life support to clinical emergencies.Method: a workshop was developed with 14 experts, which was hold during the days 10th and 11th 2018 in Cienfuegos. The techniques of brain storming and nominal group were applied, so as the semi structured questionnaire.Development: the objectives, teaching aspects, contents, scope, skills to be developed, future research and areas of institutional collaboration were proposed. It was defined the structure for a model course for teaching the topic and the main elements for its execution.Conclusion: academic proposals for the course advanced life support allow a better approach for teaching advanced life support to different clinical emergencies, for health professionals who are in charge of caring to patients with these diseases.</p