6 research outputs found
Amino acid profile of four earthworms species from Nigeria
The amino acid profile of four species of earthworms from Nigeria namely Eudrilus eugeniae,
Hyperiodrilus africanus, Alma millsoni and Libyodrilus violaceus were evaluated in this study. The
amino acid analysis was conducted using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
specifically the Technichon TSM-1 (technosequential multisample) analyser for amino acid. Nine essential
namely Lysine, Histidine, Arginine, Threonine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Leucine and
Phebylalanine and eight non-essential amino acids namely Aspartic acid, Serine, Glutamic
acid, Proline, Glycine, Alanine, Cystine and Tyrosine were recorded in this study. Cystine with
a range of 0.64-0.80 g/100kg protein had the least concentration while Glutamic acid with a
range of 11.50-13.22 g/100kg protein was the highest. Lysine and methionine, which were
limiting amino acids in most feedstuffs, were present in all the earthworm species and ranges
from 4.95-5.70 g/100g protein for lysine and 2.08-2.30 g/100g protein for methionin
Macromineral Profile of Four Species of Earthworm Hyperiodrilus africanus, Eudrilus eugeniae, Libyodrilus violaceus and Alma millsoni from Nigeria
The macro mineral profile of four Nigerian species of earthworm; Hyperiodrilus africanus, Eudrilus
eugeniae, Libyodrilus violaceus and Alma millsoni was conducted. using the atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. Five macro minerals calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus were
determined. Comparatively H. africanus recorded the highest mean Ca (0.494 ±0.038%) while A. millsoni
recorded the lowest (0.318±0.034%). Hyperiodrilus africanus also recorded the highest mean Mg
(0.154±0.015%) whereas L. violaceus recorded the lowest (0.118±0.017%). Alma millsoni recorded the highest
mean K (0.045±0.003% ) whereas H. africanus recorded the lowest (0.027±0.002%). The highest mean Na
(74.209±13.699 ppm) was recorded by A. millsoni while the lowest (19.813±2.087 ppm) was recorded by
H. africanus. Also A. millsoni recorded the highest mean P (0.701±0.022%) while H.africanus recorded the
lowest (0.456±0.034%). A significant difference was observed in the mean % Ca, % M g, % K, ppmNa and %
P between the four species of earthworms (p<0.01). The study revealed that these five macro minerals which
are requirements of animals w ere well represented and adequate in the earthworms. Therefore, the use of meal
prepared from these species as mineral supplement in fish diets could be encouraged
Partial replacement of fish meal by earthworm meal (Libyodrilus violaceus) in diets for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
A seven-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the possibility of replacing fish meal with
earthworm meal in the diets of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fry. Fish meal protein was
replaced by earthworm meal at 0% (D0); 15% (D15); 25% (D25); 35% (D35); and 50% (D50). The diets
were isonitrogenous (54%) and fed thrice daily to triplicate groups of African catfish fry at 5% body
weight. Diet had a significant effect on growth performance and feed utilization (p≤0.05). Final
weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate, were highest in fish fed diet D25. A
similar pattern of growth was observed for length measurements. Fish fed diets exceeding 25%
replacement of fish meal with earthworm meal had depressed growth. Feed conversion ratio was
highest in fish fed D35. Mortality was not dependent on diet. It is concluded that fish meal can be
substituted with earthworm meal up to 25% in the diet of C. gariepinus fry without adverse effects on
growth and nutrient utilizatio
Histopathological effect of sub-lethal concentration of aluminum phosphide (phostoxin) on Clarias gariepinus juveniles
Abtsract: The study evaluated the effect of sub-lethal concentration of phostoxin on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. C. gariepinus juveniles belonging to the same cohort (40.1±1.2g; 18.1±1.1cm) from a commercial fish farm were randomly placed ten in each of 15 plastic tanks containing 15 liters of water. They were exposed for 96 hrs to three sub-lethal concentrations (treatments) of phostoxin (0.125, 0.250, 0.5mg L-1) and a phostoxin free control. At the end of 96 hrs exposure, they were dissected and the tissues need for histopathology removed and fixed in Bouin's fluid. The gill filament exhibited fusion at the secondary lamella that was progressive with concentration. At the highest concentration of exposure, the secondary lamellae showed marked pyknotic and necrotic changes characterized by epithelia detachment. The hepatic tissue showed mild inflammatory changes at lower concentrations while at the highest concentration of exposure there was marked inflammation with observed hydropic degeneration. In the kidney, an inflammatory change was only observed in the interstices at the highest dose of exposure with the convoluted tubules showing partial shrinkage. Phostoxin showed to have significantly caused alterations in cyto-architecture of the gills and to a considerable extent liver and kidney of C. gariepinus