William Langer\u27s Rise to Political Prominence in North Dakota

The purpose of this research was to record the early life and political career of the former Attorney General, Governor, and Senator from North Dakota, William Langer. Due to the magnitude of his career, the study was focused on his youth, his education, his first political campaign and election as Morton County States Attorney, his work as States Attorney, and his campaign and election as Attorney General of North Dakota in 1916. The procedure involved a detailed study of the first thirty years of Langer\u27s life. This included interviews with three of his sisters, one of his daughters, and the utilization of other contemporary sources. His educational career at the University of North Dakota and at Columbia University, New York, was analysed through the Langer Papers, published materials, and school newspapers and records. His early political career as States Attorney (1915-1916) and his rise to attorney general were revealed through the Langer Papers, newspapers, and various secondary sources. In conclusion, the study reveals Langer as an ambitious, energetic, and determined young man with an intense desire to attain his goals. Combining his desire with ability, political skill, and diligence, Langer quickly achieved an impressive record and rose to political prominence in North Dakota

Ion-atom Differential Cross Sections At Intermediate Energies

The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate H++H(1s) electron-capture and ionization differential cross sections in the range 25-200 keV. The results indicate the importance of including excited product states to describe the small-angle electron-capture scattering. Angular scattering of the electron removed by the ionization process has been studied as a function of ejected-electron velocity ve. The classical calculations are in reasonable agreement with coupled-channel results of Shakeshaft [Phys. Rev. A 18, 1930 (1978)] as to the electron capture to the continuum (ECC) component of the ionization process where this term is defined as the ejected electron being more closely centered to the projectile than the target nucleus after the collision. The ECC cross section ECC was studied as a function of collision energy (50-500 keV/amu) and projectile charge state (q=1-10). At high energies, ECC scales as q2.3E2.5. The maximum value for ECC was determined to be an energy Emax(56 keVamu)q0.4. Restricting the ECC component to small electron-scattering angles, lab 5°, and electron-ejection velocities ve=vp(1.0 0.1), where vp is the projectile velocity, indicates this process is a minor component of the total ionization cross section at intermediate energies. © 1983 The American Physical Society

The Relative Priority of Small Business Administration Liens: An Unreasonable Extension of Federal Preference?

During the past three decades, the priority of the federal government as against state and private creditors competing for the assets of debtors has been greatly strengthened. In terms of relative growth, the expansion of federal priority has been comparable to the increased commercial involvement of the United States. In more recent years, Congress and the judiciary have recognized that this increased governmental commercial activity necessitates a restriction in sovereign prerogatives. However, contrary to this general trend toward the contraction of sovereign prerogatives and for reasons appearing unsatisfactory to most commentators, the sovereign prerogative of priority to the assets of a debtor has been expanded rather than limited. One agency in particular, the Small Business Administration, has increasingly utilized this prerogative in order to collect its loans when faced with the claims of competing creditors. It is the thesis of this comment that the priority which has been judicially accorded the SBA is now extended beyond reasonable bounds and should be severely restricted

V/2 Electrons In H++H Ionizing Collisions

Classical-trajectory Monte Carlo calculations are used to determine the velocity and angular dependence of the electron ionized in the H++HH++H++e- collision. The energy range studied is 40200 keV. At energies E60 keV, ionized electrons with velocities that are near one-half (v/2) the relative velocity v of the collision dominate the electron spectra. At higher energies the maximum position of the ionized electrons shifts and is found centered about the target nucleus. © 1986 The American Physical Society

Electron Capture And Ionisation In H⁺, He2++Li Collisions

Single electron capture and ionization cross sections have been calculated for H++Li and He2++Li collisions at energies ranging from 50 to 400 keV amu-1. Double electrons capture cross sections are presented for the He2++Li system. The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method and the independent-electron model were used to calculate the cross sections. In the energy range investigated, the ionization process is dominated by electron removal of the valence Li(2s) electron, whereas the single and double electron capture processes are the result of capture from the K shell of the lithium atom