Controlled asymmetry of EPR steering with an injected non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator

We propose and analyse a nonlinear optical apparatus in which the direction of asymmetric steering is controllable within the apparatus, rather than by adding noise to measurements. Using a nondegenerate parametric oscillator with an injected signal field, we show how the directionality and extent of the steering can be readily controlled for output modes which can be up to one octave apart. The two downconverted modes, which exhibit the greater violations of the steering inequalities, can also be controlled to exhibit asymmetric steering in some regimes.Comment: Theory, 4 pages, 5 figures. Revised version after expert, well written and useful referee report

Quantum dynamics and entanglement in coherent transport of atomic population

In this work we look at the quantum dynamics of the process known as either transport without transit (TWT), or coherent transfer of atomic population (CTAP), of a Bose-Einstein condensate from one well of a lattice potential to another, non-adjacent well, without macroscopic occupation of the well between the two. This process has previously been analysed and in this work we extend those analyses by considering the effects of quantum statistics on the dynamics and entanglement properties of the condensate modes in the two relevant wells. In order to do this, we go beyond the mean-field analysis of the Gross-Pitaevskii type approach and utilise the phase-space stochastic methods so well known in quantum optics. In particular, we use the exact positive-P representation where it is suitable, and the approximate truncated WIgner representation otherwise. We find strong agreement between the results of these two methods, with the mean-field dynamics not depending on the initial quantum states of the trapped condensate. We find that the entanglement properties do depend strongly on the initial quantum states, with quantitatively different results found for coherent and Fock states. Comparison of the two methods gives us confidence that the truncated Wigner representation delivers accurate results for this system and is thus a useful method as the collisional nonlinearity increases and the positive-P results fail to converge.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Entanglement properties of third harmonic generation via direct and cascaded parametric processes

We compare the bipartite entanglement and EPR-steering properties of the two different schemes which produce third harmonic optical fields from an input field at the fundamental frequency. The first scheme uses second harmonic cascaded with sum-frequency generation while the second uses triply degenerate four-wave mixing, also known as direct third harmonic generation. We examine and compare the two schemes in both the travelling wave and intra-cavity configurations. We find that both schemes produce continuous-variable bipartite entanglement and EPR-steering. The direct scheme produces a greater degree of EPR-steering while the cascaded scheme allows for greater flexibility in having three available bipartitions.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, theor

Tripartite correlations over two octaves from cascaded harmonic generation

We analyse the output quantum tripartite correlations from an intracavity nonlinear optical system which uses cascaded nonlinearities to produce both second and fourth harmonic outputs from an input field at the fundamental frequency. Using fully quantum equations of motion, we investigate two parameter regimes and show that the system produces tripartite inseparability, entanglement and EPR steering, with the detection of these depending on the correlations being considered.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, theoretical.arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1707.0253

Entanglement and asymmetric steering over two octaves of frequency difference with cascaded harmonic generation

We analyse a nonlinear optical system which uses cascaded nonlinearities to produce both second and fourth harmonic outputs from an input field at the fundamental frequency. Using fully quantum equations of motion, we show that the system produces quadrature squeezed outputs which exhibit bipartite entanglement, EPR-steering, and asymmetric steering across a two octave frequency range.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, theor

Solving the kernel perfect problem by (simple) forbidden subdigraphs for digraphs in some families of generalized tournaments and generalized bipartite tournaments

A digraph such that every proper induced subdigraph has a kernel is said to be \emph{kernel perfect} (KP for short) (\emph{critical kernel imperfect} (CKI for short) resp.) if the digraph has a kernel (does not have a kernel resp.). The unique CKI-tournament is $\overrightarrow{C}_3$ and the unique KP-tournaments are the transitive tournaments, however bipartite tournaments are KP. In this paper we characterize the CKI- and KP-digraphs for the following families of digraphs: locally in-/out-semicomplete, asymmetric arc-locally in-/out-semicomplete, asymmetric $3$-quasi-transitive and asymmetric $3$-anti-quasi-transitive $TT_3$-free and we state that the problem of determining whether a digraph of one of these families is CKI is polynomial, giving a solution to a problem closely related to the following conjecture posted by Bang-Jensen in 1998: the kernel problem is polynomially solvable for locally in-semicomplete digraphs.Comment: 13 pages and 5 figure

Finite size effects and equilibration in Bose-Hubbard chains with central well dephasing

We investigate Bose-Hubbard chains in a central depleted well configuration, with dephasing in the middle well. We look at equilibration of populations, pseudo-entropy, and entanglement measures. Using stochastic integration in the truncated Wigner representation, we find that the initial quantum states of the occupied wells has an influence on the subsequent dynamics, and that with more than three wells, the chains do not reach a full equilibrium, with edge effects becoming important, and the time to reach the steady state becoming longer. The evolutions with and without phase diffusion are qualitatively different. We find no convincing evidence of entanglement in the final states with phase diffusion. Although at least one accepted measure indicates the presence of mode entanglement, we are easily able to show that it can give ambiguous predictions.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, theor

Quantum correlations across two octaves from combined up and down conversion

We propose and analyse a cascaded optical parametric system which involves three interacting modes across two octaves of frequency difference. Our system, combining degenerate optical parametric oscillation (OPO) with second harmonic generation (SHG), promises to be a useful source of squeezed and entangled light at three differing frequencies. We show how changes in damping rates and the ratio of the two concurrent nonlinearities affect the quantum correlations in the output fields. We analyse the threshold behaviour, showing how the normal OPO threshold is changed by the addition of the SHG interactions. We also find that the inclusion of the OPO interaction removes the self-pulsing behaviour found in normal SHG. Finally, we show how the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations can be controlled by the injection of a coherent seed field at the lower frequency.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, theor