Traços de personalidade, sexo e orientação sexual predizem escolhas acadêmicas

Human personality is associated with vocational interests and the choice of an undergraduate major. Personality traits means can also differ among majors, sex, and sexual orientations. The main aim of the study is to predict academic choices, based on personality traits, dichotomous thinking, sex, and sexual orientation. A total of 687 undergraduate Brazilian students were recruited through online media and answered a battery of questionnaires in the online Qualtrics platform and divided into three main scientific areas (Social: N = 299, Biological: N = 248, Exact Sciences: N = 132). Six personality traits were measured by the HEXACO-60 scale, dichotomous thinking by the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory (DTI), and the 7-point Kinsey scale was used to assess sexual orientation. Two models were run, one with a calculated DTI general (g) factor and a regular total sum score. Results show a positive marginal effect of Openness on Social Sciences and negative effect on Biological Sciences (y/ x = 0.15 and -0.16, respectively). In Social Sciences, we found an interaction between Conscientiousness and heterosexuality (y/ x = 0.21), and Extraversion and being male (y/ x = 0.34) while in Biological Sciences, interactions between being a homosexual male and Agreeableness had a negative effect (y/ x = -0.60) and an interaction with Extraversion (y/ x = 0.83). The DTI g factor score showed to be a negative predictor for the Biological Sciences (y/ x = -0.04). The DTI sum score was a positive predictor for the Social Sciences (y/ x = 0.004) and negative for the Biological Sciences (y/ x = -0.005). No significant effects were found in the Exact Sciences. Personality traits have an adaptive value and in modern times when combined with an individuals sex and sexual orientation, could serve as predictors for academic major choice, in addition to traits alone, as previous studies have shown.personalidade humana está associada a interesses vocacionais e à escolha de um curso de graduação. Os traços de personalidade também podem diferir entre os cursos de graduação, sexo e as orientações sexuais. O principal objetivo do estudo é prever escolhas acadêmicas, com base em traços de personalidade, pensamento dicotômico, sexo e orientação sexual. Um total de 687 estudantes brasileiros de graduação superior foram recrutados por meio de mídia on-line e responderam a uma bateria de questionários na plataforma on-line Qualtrics e foram divididos em três áreas científicas (Ciências Sociais: N = 299, Biológicas: N = 248, Exatas: N = 132). Seis traços de personalidade foram aferidos pela escala HEXACO-60, o pensamento dicotômico pelo Dichotomous Thinking Inventory (DTI), e a escala de Kinsey de 7 pontos foi utilizada para avaliar a orientação sexual. Foram executados dois modelos, um com fator geral (g) do DTI calculado e um escore regular de soma total. Os resultados mostram um efeito marginal positivo da Abertura à Experiência nas Ciências Sociais e um efeito negativo nas Ciências Biológicas (y/x = 0,15 e -0,16, respectivamente). Nas Ciências Sociais, encontramos uma interação entre Conscienciosidade e heterossexualidade (y/x = 0,21), e Extroversão e ser do sexo masculino (y/x = 0,34), enquanto nas Ciências Biológicas, as interações entre ser homossexual, do sexo masculino e Agradabilidade tiveram um efeito negativo (y/x = -0,60) e uma interação com Extroversão (y/x = 0,83). O escore do fator g do DTI mostrou-se um preditor negativo para as Ciências Biológicas (y/x = -0,04). O escore de soma do DTI foi um preditor positivo para as Ciências Sociais (y/x = 0,004) e negativo para as Ciências Biológicas (y/x = -0,005). Não foram encontrados efeitos significativos nas ciências exatas. Os traços de personalidade têm um valor adaptativo e, nos tempos modernos, quando combinados com o sexo e a orientação sexual de um indivíduo, podem servir como preditores para escolhas acadêmicas, além de traços sozinhos, como estudos anteriores mostraram

Mating Performance and Singlehood Across 14 Nations

Adult individuals frequently face difficulties in attracting and keeping mates, which is an important driver of singlehood. In the current research, we investigated the mating performance (i.e., how well people do in attracting and retaining intimate partners) and singlehood status in 14 different countries, namely Austria, Brazil, China, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and Ukraine (N = 7,181). We found that poor mating performance was in high occurrence, with about one in four participants scoring low in this dimension, and more than 57% facing difficulties in starting and/or keeping a relationship. Men and women did not differ in their mating performance scores, but there was a small yet significant effect of age, with older participants indicating higher mating performance. Moreover, nearly 13% of the participants indicated that they were involuntarily single, which accounted for about one-third of the singles in the sample. In addition, more than 15% of the participants indicated that they were voluntarily single, and 10% were between-relationships single. We also found that poor mating performance was associated with an increased likelihood of voluntary, involuntary, and between-relationships singlehood. All types of singlehood were in higher occurrence in younger participants. Although there was some cross-cultural variation, the results were generally consistent across samples