Uticaj meliorativne obrade na neke fizičke osobine zemljišta

The paper deals with the effects of ameliorative tillage on the dynamics of some important physical soil properties in maize. The trial was caried-out at the experimental fields Krnjesevci of Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje" on meadows chernozem soil type. The folowing ameliorative and conventional tillage systems were included in ivestigations: 1. Ameliorativel tillage system - (ATS) – includes new types machines for field sistematisation-scrapers (USM 5) in autamn, drainage plow on the depth 60-80 cm, and subsoiling with heavy vibratory subsoiler VR 5. on 30-35 cm depth. After basic tillage we prepared soil for seeding with preparation by disking and harrowing 2. Conventional tillage - (CT) - in this case includes ploughing to the depth of 30-35cm + presowing preparation by disking and harrowing was control. The folowing soil properties were studied: bulk density, total porosity, moisture weight and volume percent, and total water content in different layers in m3, in two period of time after first and after second interrow cultivation in maize on the different depth 0-10; 10-10; 20-30. Ameliorative tillage systems have better effect for all investigated soil properties on this heavy soil type compared with control with classical tillage system.Ispitivanje uticaja jednog novog sistema meliorativne obrade zemljišta na promene nekih važnijih fizičkih osobina zemljišta u usevu kukuruza obavljeno je na imanju Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" u Krnješevcima. U ispitivanju smo imali dve varijante: Var. 1. – Sistem meliorativne obrade zemljišta (ravnanje + rad krtičnog pluga + podrivanje + predsetvena obrada zemljišta); Var. 2. – Kontrola. Konvencionalna obrada zemljišta (oranje raonični plugom + predsetvena obrada zemljišta). Pratili smo dinamiku važnijih fizičkih osobina zemljišta u usevu kukuruza u dva roka posle posle prvog i neposredno posle drugog međurednog kultiviranja. Uzorci su uzimani sa cilindrima po Kopeckom, a dalje obrađeni u laboratoriji. Ispitivani su uticaji meliorativne obrade zemljišta na zapreminsku masu, vlažnost zemljišta, poroznost i količinu vode po hektaru na tri dubine ispitivanja: od 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; 20-30 cm. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su statistički analizom varijanse i pokazali su da postoje brojne statistički signifikantne razlike u vrednostima fizičkih osobina u korist onih na meliorisanom zemljištu u poređenju sa kontrolnom varijantom. Gornji delovi orničnog sloja su rastresitiji na meliorisanoj varijanti tako da su u stanju da prihvate lakše veće količine vode i što je važno da je brže sprovedu u dublje slojeve

Produžno dejstvo meliorativne obrade na fizičke osobine zemljišta u usevu ozime pšenice

The paper deals with the subsequently effect of ameliorative tillage on the dynamics of some important physical soil properties in winter wheat. The trial was carried-out at the experimental fields of Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje" Krnjesevci near Belgrade on meadows chernozem soil type. The folowing ameliorative and conventional tillage systems were included in ivestigations: 1. Ameliorative tillage system - (ATS) – includes new types machines for field systematization-scrapers (USM 5) in autumn, drainage plow on the depth 60-80 cm, and subsoil with heavy vibratory subsoiler VR 5. on 30-35cm depth. After basic tillage we prepared soil for seeding with preparation by disking and harrowing 2. Control variant – conventional tillage without ameliorative measures In 2008.yr previous crop were maize and sunflower after that ameliorative measures. Second crop in 2009/2010 were winter wheat. The following soil properties were studied: bulk density, total porosity, moisture weight and volume percent, and total water content in different layers in m3, in tillering and heading stage of winter wheat on the different depth 0-10; 10-10; 20-30. Ameliorative tillage systems had subsequently effects for all investigated soil properties on this heavy soil type compared with control.Ispitivanje uticaja produžnog dejstva jednog novog sistema meliorativne obrade zemljišta na neke važnije fizičke osobine zemljišta u usevu ozime pšenice obavljeno je u Krnješevcima na imanju Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" u periodu od 2008 – 2010. godine. U ispitivanju smo imali dve varijante: 1. Sistem meliorativne obrade zemljišta (ravnanje + rad krtičnog pluga + podrivanje + predsetvena obrada zemljišta). 2. – Kontrolu sa konvencionalnom obradom zemljišta (oranje raonični plugom + predsetvena obrada zemljišta). U drugoj godini posle izvedenih mera u zasejanom usevu ozime pšenice pratili smo dinamiku fizičkih osobina zemljišta u fazi bokorenja i klasanju. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su statistički analizom varijanse i pokazali su da postoje brojne statistički signifikantne razlike u sa povoljnijim fizičkim osobina na meliorisanom zemljištu u poređenju sa kontrolnom varijantom. Gornji delovi orničnog sloja su rastresitiji na meliorisanoj varijanti tako da su u stanju da prihvate lakše veće količine vode i što je važno da je brže sprovedu u dublje slojeve. Ove činjenice pokazuju da meliorativne mere imaju produžno dejstvo koje se oseća i u narednim godinama

Produktivnost golozrnog ječma u organskom i konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja

There is rising interest for hulless barley use in human nutrition and industrial processing. Hulless barley is a relatively new cereal crop; the hulls of it can be separated from grain during threshing. This cereal has been recognized as being more valuable and economic in food industry than covered barley. Several studies show the positive influence of hulless barley food products on human health; it can be utilized in many different food products. Aim of this paper is to investigate possibilities of organic growing of hulless barley, comparing with conventional one, in agroecological conditions of Valjevo hilly region during 2008/2009. Trial was set up in Kotešica village on soil which was not used for agriculture for 7 years. In organic cropping system three combinations of microbiological fertilizer baktofil with zeolite and hydrogel were used prior to sowing. Half of each plot was treated with foliar microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) during crop growing period. In conventional cropping system three variants with mineral fertilizers were included: NPK, NPK+zeolite, NPK+hydrogel. Results of the yield obtaind in the experiment showed no significant differences between control and treatments. Yield average in organic cropping system (4,54 t/ha) was slightly higher than in conventional one (4,48 t/ha), but both of them were lower than in control with no fertilizer (4,65 t/ha). According to yield obtained in separate plots, the highest value gave the treatment NPK+zeolit+slavol. Different microbiological fertilizers combined with NPK fertilizer and zeolite give the maximum results in hulles barly production.Poslednjih desetak godina u svetu raste interes za upotrebom golozrnog ječma u direktnoj ljudskoj ishrani i industrijskoj preradi. Razlog za to je pre svega što golozrni ječam predstavlja bogat izvor rastvorljivih biljnih vlakana, koji povoljno utiču na ljudsko zdravlje. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita mogućnost organskog gajenja ove biljne vrste, u odnosu na konvencionalni u konkretnim agroekološkim uslovima Valjevskog pobrđa 2008/2009 godine. Ogled je postavljen u selu Kotešica, na zemljištu koje nije korišćeno u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji 7 godina. U organskom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje, korišćene su kombinacije mikrobiološkog đubriva baktofila sa dva poboljšivača zemljišta zeolita i hidrogela, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu, a u toku vegetacionog perioda neke varijante ogleda su folijarno tretirane mikrobiološkim đubrivom (slavol). U konvencionalnom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje uključene su tri varijante sa kompleksnim mineralnim NPK đubrivom i kombinacija sa zeolitom i hidrogelom, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu. Dobijeni rezultati prosečnih prinosa golozrnog jećma pokazuju da na parceli, koja nije korišćena dugi niz godina, nisu dobijene značajne razlike između kontrole, bez đubrenja i tretmana sa mikrobiološkim ili mineralnim đubrivima. Prosečni prinos u organskom sistemu gajenja (4,54 t/ha) je bio nešto viši od konvencionalnog (4,48 t/ha), a oba su bila nešto niža od kontrole bez đubrenja (4,65 t/ha). Posmatrajući prinose po pojedinačnim varijantama najveći prinos je postignut u tretmanu NPK+zeolit+slavol. U ovoj varijanti ogleda mikrobiološka đubriva su u kombinaciji sa NPK i poboljšivačem zemljišta dala maksimalne rezultate u gajenju golozrnog ječma