An Approach for spatial and temporal data analysis: application for mobility modeling of workers in Luxembourg and its bordering areas

In this paper, we propose a general visual analytic approach to synthesis very large spatial data and discover interesting knowledge and unknown patterns from complex data based on Origin-Destination (OD) matrices. The research studies of Tobler constitute a good basis in this topic. This paper is interested in the proposal of 2 methods entitled respectively ?Weighted Linear Directional Mean: WLDM? and ?DS-WLDM?. The latter incorporates the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence with WLDM. Both of the developed methods are an extension of ?Linear Directional Mean: LDM? for mobility modeling. With classical techniques such as LDM among others, the results of data mapping are not intelligible and easy to interpret. However with both WLDM and DS-WLDM methods it is easy to discover knowledge without losing a lot of information which is one of the interests of this paper. This proposal is generic and it intends to be applied for data mapping such as for geographical presentation of social and demographic information (e.g. mobility of people, goods and information) according to multiple spatial scales (e.g. locality, district, municipality). It could be applied also in transportation field (e.g. traffic flow). For the application, administrative data is used in order to evaluate spatial and temporal aspects of the daily and the residential mobility of workers in Luxembourg and its bordering areas.Mobility modeling; data mapping; spatial mobility; geographic knowledge discovery; location uncertainty; daily and residential mobility

Mobilité locale et périurbanisation transfrontalière

Appliquée à l?aire métropolitaine transfrontalière luxembourgeoise, l?analyse du système de mobilité locale, réunissant les interactions entre les déplacements quotidiens et la mobilité résidentielle, permet de mieux appréhender les rouages et les conséquences spatiales d?une spécialisation fonctionnelle mettant concomitamment en oeuvre une polarisation centre-périphérie classique et des différentiels frontaliers. Plus particulièrement, c?est en abordant les pratiques des déplacements domicile-travail ainsi que les choix résidentiels d?actifs frontaliers et résidents que cet article illustre les interdépendances fonctionnelles qui existent de part et d?autre des frontières grand-ducales, notamment par rapport au développement de la périurbanisation (transfrontalière). Ainsi, à partir de l?analyse conceptuelle des liens entre métropolisation et périurbanisation et une approche cartographique originale, il a été possible, grâce à l?exploitation des fichiers de la Sécurité Sociale luxembourgeoise et à l?aide de données d?enquête effectuées lors des dernières années, de remarquer trois processus majeurs. Premièrement, le bassin de main-d?oeuvre du Grand-Duché s?est fortement étendu ces dernières années. Par ailleurs, si la capitale présente un bilan déficitaire en termes de mobilité résidentielle locale, elle s?avère être la porte d?entrée principale des migrants. Enfin, la frontière joue deux rôles distincts. Le premier est attractif en ce qui concerne la mobilité domicile-travail. Le deuxième rôle est celui d?une frontière barrière/aimant dans la mesure où la tendance dominante consiste à s?en rapprocher, tout en s?accompagnant d?une faiblesse relative des déménagements transfrontaliers.mobilités quotidienne et résidentielle; champs vectoriels; Luxembourg; régions frontalières; périurbanisation

: Comparaison de deux faisceaux de mobilité quotidienne

International audienceDans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser les comportements spatiaux de frontaliers qui traversent quotidiennement la frontière entre le Luxembourg et la France (faisceau de mobilité : Thionville-Luxembourg). Nous supposons que la frontière influence les plannings et les espaces d’activités des frontaliers et contribue à la formation de routines et de comportements spatio-temporels spécifiques. Ces particularités sont mises en évidence par la comparaison des comportements spatiaux de ces travailleurs frontaliers, confrontés à ceux d’actifs se déplaçant sur un faisceau de mobilité comparable non marqué par une frontière étatique : Voiron-Grenoble. Les analyses comparées, qui mobilisent deux enquêtes de mobilité standard CERTU, mettent en évidence un premier effet dérivé du différentiel frontalier sur le choix de localisation et la durée des activités quotidiennes des frontaliers : achats, loisirs, visites. Les travailleurs frontaliers présentent un ancrage résidentiel important car ces actifs passent davantage de temps à proximité de leur domicile. A contrario, les actifs non frontaliers privilégient la proximité du lieu de travail pour leurs activités routinières « secondaires »

Intégration spatiale des frontaliers à travers les activités quotidiennes. Le cas de la région métropolitaine luxembourgeoise.

National audienceThe number of cross-border workers in Luxembourg has steadily increased for over thirty years. The purpose of this article is to measure the integration of cross-border workers in Luxembourg by using the concepts of Time Geography and living spaces. The analysis focuses on the spatial and temporal organisation of the daily activities and their sequential location on both sides of the border. Thus, measuring living spaces and trip chains of cross-border workers represents the core of the methodological and analytical support. The juxtaposition of these trip chains with the living spaces allows identifying and characterising the degree of spatial integration of cross-border workers in Luxembourg. Apart from cross-border workers who are mainly shifting between their working place and their residence, the first results show a varying integration degreeLe nombre de travailleurs frontaliers au Luxembourg augmente de manière constante depuis 30 ans. Le but de cet article est de questionner l'intégration de ces frontaliers au Luxembourg au moyen de concepts issus de la Time Geography, en particulier celui des espaces de vie. Il s'agit d'analyser la répartition spatiale des activités quotidiennes, leur succession dans le temps et leur localisation par rapport à la frontière. Ainsi, la mesure des espaces de vie et des chaînes de déplacement des frontaliers constitue le principal support méthodologique et analytique pour identifier et caractériser le degré d'intégration spatiale de ces actifs au Luxembourg. Outre les simples déplacements domicile-travail qui n'engendrent pas d'activités secondaires, les principaux résultats témoignent de quatre autres types d'intégration spatiale plus ou moins importants

Sleeve Gastrectomy Enables Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation in Severely Obese Recipients

Background Obesity adversely affects wait‐listing and precludes patients with concomitant end‐stage renal disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus from getting a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK). Objective To analyze safety and efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) before SPK in severely obese type I diabetics. Methods We assessed weight curve, complications, and graft function of three patients who underwent LSG before SPK. Results LSG was uneventful in all patients. Body mass index dropped from 38.4 (range 35.7 ‐ 39.9) before LSG to 28.5 (26.8 ‐ 30.9) until SPK, with a mean loss of 25.8% (22.4 ‐ 32.3). Interval between LSG and SPK was 364.3 (173 ‐ 587) days. Pancreas and kidney graft function was excellent, with 100% insulin‐free and dialysis‐free survival over a mean follow‐up of 3.6 (2.9 ‐ 4.5) years. A1C dropped from 7% (6.3 ‐ 8.2) before LSG to 4.9% (4.7 ‐ 5.3) and 4.8% (4.5 ‐ 5.1) 1 and 2 years after SPK, respectively. Conclusion LSG before SPK is safe and effective to enable severely obese type I diabetics to receive a lifesaving transplant. This is the first study analyzing the role of bariatric surgery before simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation

GREGOR: Optics Redesign and Updates from 2018-2020

The GREGOR telescope was inaugurated in 2012. In 2018, we started a complete upgrade, involving optics, alignment, instrumentation, mechanical upgrades for vibration reduction, updated control systems, and building enhancements and, in addition, adapted management and policies. This paper describes all major updates performed during this time. Since 2012, all powered mirrors except for M1 were exchanged. Starting from 2020, GREGOR observes with diffraction-limited performance and a new optics and instrument layout.Comment: Accepted by A&A, 10 page

Understanding the role of contrasting urban contexts in healthy aging: an international cohort study using wearable sensor devices (the CURHA study protocol).

BACKGROUND: Given the challenges of aging populations, calls have been issued for more sustainable urban re-development and implementation of local solutions to address global environmental and healthy aging issues. However, few studies have considered older adults' daily mobility to better understand how local built and social environments may contribute to healthy aging. Meanwhile, wearable sensors and interactive map-based applications offer novel means for gathering information on people's mobility, levels of physical activity, or social network structure. Combining such data with classical questionnaires on well-being, physical activity, perceived environments and qualitative assessment of experience of places opens new opportunities to assess the complex interplay between individuals and environments. In line with current gaps and novel analytical capabilities, this research proposes an international research agenda to collect and analyse detailed data on daily mobility, social networks and health outcomes among older adults using interactive web-based questionnaires and wearable sensors. METHODS/DESIGN: Our study resorts to a battery of innovative data collection methods including use of a novel multisensor device for collection of location and physical activity, interactive map-based questionnaires on regular destinations and social networks, and qualitative assessment of experience of places. This rich data will allow advanced quantitative and qualitative analyses in the aim to disentangle the complex people-environment interactions linking urban local contexts to healthy aging, with a focus on active living, social networks and participation, and well-being. DISCUSSION: This project will generate evidence about what characteristics of urban environments relate to active mobility, social participation, and well-being, three important dimensions of healthy aging. It also sets the basis for an international research agenda on built environment and healthy aging based on a shared and comprehensive data collection protocol

Unmasking Activation of the Zygotic Genome Using Chromosomal Deletions in the Drosophila Embryo

During the maternal-to-zygotic transition, a developing embryo integrates post-transcriptional regulation of maternal mRNAs with transcriptional activation of its own genome. By combining chromosomal ablation in Drosophila with microarray analysis, we characterized the basis of this integration. We show that the expression profile for at least one third of zygotically active genes is coupled to the concomitant degradation of the corresponding maternal mRNAs. The embryo uses transcription and degradation to generate localized patterns of expression, and zygotic transcription to degrade distinct classes of maternal transcripts. Although degradation does not appear to involve a simple regulatory code, the activation of the zygotic genome starts from intronless genes sharing a common cis-element. This cis-element interacts with a single protein, the Bicoid stability factor, and acts as a potent enhancer capable of timing the activity of an exogenous transactivator. We propose that this regulatory mode links morphogen gradients with temporal regulation during the maternal-to-zygotic transition

Identification of RNA recognition elements in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome

Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including mRNA localization, translation and decay, is ubiquitous yet still largely unexplored. How is the post-transcriptional regulatory program of each mRNA encoded in its sequence? Hundreds of specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) appear to play roles in mediating the post-transcriptional regulatory program, akin to the roles of specific DNA-binding proteins in transcription. As a step toward decoding the regulatory programs encoded in each mRNA, we focused on specific mRNA–protein interactions. We computationally analyzed the sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNAs bound in vivo by 29 specific RBPs, identifying eight novel candidate motifs and confirming or extending six earlier reported recognition elements. Biochemical selections for RNA sequences selectively recognized by 12 yeast RBPs yielded novel motifs bound by Pin4, Nsr1, Hrb1, Gbp2, Sgn1 and Mrn1, and recovered the known recognition elements for Puf3, She2, Vts1 and Whi3. Most of the RNA elements we uncovered were associated with coherent mRNA expression changes and were significantly conserved in related yeasts, supporting their functional importance and suggesting that the corresponding RNA–protein interactions are evolutionarily conserved

Robotic middle ear access for cochlear implantation: first in man

To demonstrate the feasibility of robotic middle ear access in a clinical setting, nine adult patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss indicated for cochlear implantation were included in this clinical trial. A keyhole access tunnel to the tympanic cavity and targeting the round window was planned based on preoperatively acquired computed tomography image data and robotically drilled to the level of the facial recess. Intraoperative imaging was performed to confirm sufficient distance of the drilling trajectory to relevant anatomy. Robotic drilling continued toward the round window. The cochlear access was manually created by the surgeon. Electrode arrays were inserted through the keyhole tunnel under microscopic supervision via a tympanomeatal flap. All patients were successfully implanted with a cochlear implant. In 9 of 9 patients the robotic drilling was planned and performed to the level of the facial recess. In 3 patients, the procedure was reverted to a conventional approach for safety reasons. No change in facial nerve function compared to baseline measurements was observed. Robotic keyhole access for cochlear implantation is feasible. Further improvements to workflow complexity, duration of surgery, and usability including safety assessments are required to enable wider adoption of the procedure