Charge confinement and Klein tunneling from doping graphene

In the present work, we investigate how structural defects in graphene can change its transport properties. In particular, we show that breaking of the sublattice symmetry in a graphene monolayer overcomes the Klein effect, leading to confined states of massless Dirac fermions. Experimentally, this corresponds to chemical bonding of foreign atoms to carbon atoms, which attach themselves to preferential positions on one of the two sublattices. In addition, we consider the scattering off a tensor barrier, which describes the rotation of the honeycomb cells of a given region around an axis perpendicular to the graphene layer. We demonstrate that in this case the intervalley mixing between the Dirac points emerges, and that Klein tunneling occurs.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Dark/Visible Parallel Universes and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

We develop a model for visible matter-dark matter interaction based on the exchange of a massive gray boson called herein the Mulato. Our model hinges on the assumption that all known particles in the visible matter have their counterparts in the dark matter. We postulate six families of particles five of which are dark. This leads to the unavoidable postulation of six parallel worlds, the visible one and five invisible worlds. A close study of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), baryon asymmetries, cosmic microwave background (CMB) bounds, galaxy dynamics, together with the Standard Model assumptions, help us to set a limit on the mass and width of the new gauge boson. Modification of the statistics underlying the kinetic energy distribution of particles during the BBN is also discussed. The changes in reaction rates during the BBN due to a departure from the Debye-Hueckel electron screening model is also investigated.Comment: Invited talk at the Workshops "CompStar: the physics and astrophysics of compact stars", Tahiti, June 4-8, 2012, "New Directions in Nuclear Astrophysics", Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy, June 18-22, 2012, and "Carpathian Summer School of Physics", Sinaia, Romania, June 24 - July 7, 2012. To be published in AIP Proceeding

Balanço do nitrogênio (15N) da úreia nos componentes de uma pastagem de capim-marandu sob recuperação em diferentes épocas de calagem.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a fertilização nitrogenada com uréia, realizou-se um experimento com duas formas de aplicação de uréia (incorporada ou em superfície) e com calagem em duas épocas (março e agosto), para balanço do nitrogênio (15N) em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha. A recuperação e retenção do N-uréia foram obtidas para cada estrutura do sistema solo-pastagem, comprovando que a coroa da planta é um importante órgão de reserva do nitrogênio proveniente do fertilizante uréia. A calagem no mês de março favoreceu a produção de forragem e melhorou a eficiência de uso do N quando se incorporou a uréia. A incorporação melhorou a recuperação e a retenção de nitrogênio na maioria das estruturas de braquiária. A diferença na recuperação de N entre o melhor tratamento (calagem em março e incorporação de uréia) e o pior (calagem em março e uréia em superfície) foi de 50 kg de N/ha após um ano

Vortex and gap generation in gauge models of graphene

Effective quantum field theoretical continuum models for graphene are investigated. The models include a complex scalar field and a vector gauge field. Different gauge theories are considered and their gap patterns for the scalar, vector, and fermion excitations are investigated. Different gauge groups lead to different relations between the gaps, which can be used to experimentally distinguish the gauge theories. In this class of models the fermionic gap is a dynamic quantity. The finite-energy vortex solutions of the gauge models have the flux of the "magnetic field" quantized, making the Bohm-Aharonov effect active even when external electromagnetic fields are absent. The flux comes proportional to the scalar field angular momentum quantum number. The zero modes of the Dirac equation show that the gauge models considered here are compatible with fractionalization