As ilustrações e o incentivo à leitura na infância

Apresenta diferenciações e semelhanças a respeito da imagem e da ilustração, buscando identificar a influência das mesmas no desenvolvimento humano e no incentivo à leitura na infância. A partir disso, é apresentado um pequeno resgate histórico da evolução da ilustração até chegar aos livros infantis, onde estão presentes até os dias atuais. Este estudo também aborda o processo de familiarização da criança com a leitura e o livro infantil através do uso de ilustrações, além de dar destaque a importância do papel do bibliotecário como mediador de leitura e da relevância em conhecer as funções da ilustração para o melhor desenvolvimento da formação de novos leitores.Presents differentiation and similarities regarding images and illustrations, in order to identify their influence on human development and on promoting reading in children. From this, we provide a brief historical overview of the evolution of illustration until children's books, where they are still present. This study also deals with the process of familiarizing children with reading and children's books through illustrations, as well as highlighting the importance of the role of the librarian as a mediator of reading and the relevance of understanding the functions of illustration for better development the formation of new readers

Biomedical Professionals in Brazil: the need and training of human resources for health development

Introduction: The undergraduate course in Biomedical Sciences has existed in Brazil since 1966. It has expanded strongly in the last two decades and is responsible for training professionals to diagnose and research the causes, effects, and pathological mechanisms of diseases that affect the population. Even after decades of implementation and considering the reasons that led to the creation of the course, the evaluation in which areas these professionals are working is still incipient. Objective: Our aim is to know if the Biomedical Sciences graduates are being absorbed by the market job and in which areas. Methods: The present work is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, based on the data of the students who had graduated in the Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Brazil, from the first class of the course in 2003, until the second half of 2018. Results: The study has shown that the course of Biomedical Sciences of a Federal institution in Brazil has low evasion and that most of the graduates migrated to post-graduation (62.3%). Moreover, the majority of the professionals are located in the Southwest region of the country and most of them work in one of the specific áreas linked to the course (70.3%). In addition, these professionals are more prone to ingress in the academic area. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that, despite being disproportionately distributed in the country, there is still demand for these professionals and clearly indicate the importance of the Biomedical Sciences egresses to teaching and research in Brazil

The people’s bourough plan of action: a counter-project of insurgent citizenship

Porto Alegre is divided in eight Boroughs of Planning. Each Borough has a representative in the Urban Planning City Council (UPCC). In 2018 social movements organized to conquer this. From this, some of the Boroughs’ councilors felt the need to better inform themselves on the terms and subjects discussed in the UPCC, and to ensure that their local issues would be discussed. For that manner, the People’s Borough Plan of Action (PBPA) project was created by a coalition of social movements, the architect’s association (IAB-RS) and the university to perform counter-hegemonic actions. The project is based on the insurgent planning theory, which understands urban development from the standpoint of the global south as being essentially performed by communities, activists and grassroots strategies. Thus, the project moves across both invited and invented spaces of action in a non-binary relationship, with the aim of providing the grassroots movements of insurgent citizenship with technical assistance to support their claims and desires over the city they live. Regarding the City’s Master Plan revision, the PBAP represents a counter-plan related to the creation of differential spaces. Therefore, they create a moment of realization of the right to the city

Análises comparativas entre textos jurídicos espanhóis e portugueses

Apesar da importância reconhecida à textologia contrastiva na didática da tradução, são extremamente escassos os estudos focados no par de línguas espanhol-português. Como forma de compensar, pelo menos em parte, essa enorme lacuna, propôs-se aos alunos de Tradução Jurídica de Espanhol do MTIE do ISCAP um trabalho de análise de diversos textos jurídicos autênticos. Três desses trabalhos são aqui apresentados, os quais abordam tipos de texto bem diferenciados: os recursos de apelação, os testamentos e os contratos de trabalho.Despite the importance acknowledged to contrastive textology for translation teaching, studies focusing on the Spanish-Portuguese language pair are extremely scarce. As a way of making up, at least partially, for this huge gap, the students enrolled in Spanish-Portuguese Legal Translation of the ISCAP master's programme were challenged to analyse and contrast authentic legal texts. Three of those essays are here included, dealing with three very different types of text: appeals, wills and employment contracts

O desenvolvimento sustentável : um estudo sobre sistemas de energia solar fotovoltaica

Este estudo explorou o crescimento da energia solar como alternativa sustentável a outras fontes energéticas, não renováveis e/ou mais poluentes. A respeito disso, apresentou-se o Objetivo 7 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), na Agenda 2030, o qual propõe um plano de ação para uma matriz energética global mais limpa e acessível a todos. Demonstrou-se como os sistemas fotovoltaicos têm se popularizado em países centrais e industrializados, servindo como instrumentos de desenvolvimento sustentável econômico e ambiental para populações, pessoas físicas e jurídicas, e, consequentemente, como o Brasil tem potencial para desenvolver regulamentação e tecnologias para impulsionar esse setor. Esta pesquisa verificou a necessidade global por fontes limpas mediante observação de eventos climáticos anômalos e do pensamento crítico ambiental, principalmente a partir da segunda metade do século 20.This graduation work has explored the growth of solar energy as a sustainable alternative to other energy sources, non-renewable and/or more pollutant. Regards that, it has been presented the Objective 7 of the United Nations on the 2030 Agenda, which proposes an action plan for a global energy mix cleaner and more accessible to all. It has been demonstrated how photovoltaic solar energy systems are getting popular in central and industrialized countries, serving as an instrument of sustainable development, both economic and environmental to populations, companies and individuals - and based on that, how Brazil has potential to develop regulation and technologies to boost this sector. This research has verified the global need for clean sources based on the observation of abnormal climate events and the environmental movement criticism upon them, arising in the second half of the 20th century

Use of Compression Molding for the Production of Ternary Films Based on Poly (Lactic Acid), Montmorillonite, and Oregano Essential Oil

Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) is considered one of the most promising polymers. However, neat PLA films have limitations. An effective strategy to overcome these problems is incorporating clay or essential oils. Cloisite 30B (C30B) is an organoclay widely used to improve the properties of polymers. Notably, the development of films incorporating Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) has attracted significant attention. Compression molding manufactured neat PLA, PLA/C30B, and PLA/C30B/OEO films in this manuscript. The visual evaluation indicated that the films had a good surface finish, and the films thickness varied between 0.15–0.19 mm. The moisture content increased with the incorporation of C30B and OEO. Optical microscopy showed a good distribution of clay particles. The transparency of the films increased with OEO, while with C30B, it presented greater opacity. Incorporating C30B/OEO in the PLA matrix is a promising film proposal that can be directed to the packaging sector. However, other analyses must be done better to understand the films performance for such an application

Hábitat esencial para los juveniles de sardina en aguas Ibéricas

In a period when the Iberian sardine stock abundance is at its historical minimum, knowledge of the sardine juvenile’s distribution is crucial for the development of fishery management strategies. Generalized additive models were used to relate juvenile sardine presence with geographical variables and spawning grounds (egg abundance) and to model juvenile abundance with the concurrent environmental conditions. Three core areas of juvenile distribution were identified: the Northern Portuguese shelf (centred off Aveiro), the coastal region in the vicinity of the Tagus estuary, and the eastern Gulf of Cadiz. Spatial differences in the relationship between juvenile presence and egg abundances suggest that essential juvenile habitat might partially differ from the prevailing spawning grounds. Models also depicted significant relationships between juvenile abundance, temperature and geographical variables in combination with salinity in the west and with zooplankton in the south. Results indicate that the sardine juvenile distribution along the Iberian Peninsula waters are an outcome of a combination of dynamic processes occurring early in life, such as egg and larva retention, reduced mortality and favourable feeding grounds for both larvae and juveniles.En un periodo de mínimo histórico para el stock de sardina ibérica, el conocimiento de la distribución de los juveniles de sardina resulta crucial para el desarrollo de estrategias de gestión pesquera. Se usaron modelos aditivos generalizados para relacionar la presencia de los juveniles de sardina con las variables geográficas y las principales zonas de desove (abundancia de huevos) y a su vez para relacionar la abundancia de los juveniles con las condiciones ambientales adyacentes. Se identificaron tres zonas centrales: la plataforma norte portuguesa (centrada enfrente de la localidad de Aveiro), la zona costera próxima al estuario del Tajo y la parte este del golfo de Cádiz. Las diferencias espaciales encontradas en la relación entre la presencia de juveniles y la abundancia de huevos sugieren que el hábitat esencial de los juveniles puede diferir parcialmente de las zonas de desove existentes. Los modelos también señalaron relaciones significativas entre la abundancia de juveniles, la temperatura, y las variables geográficas combinadas con la salinidad en el oeste y con el zooplancton en el sur. Los resultados indican que la distribución de los juveniles de sardina a lo largo de las aguas de la Península Ibérica resulta de la combinación de procesos dinámicos que se dan en edades tempranas, cómo la retención de huevos y larvas, una mortalidad reducida y zonas de nutrición con condiciones favorables tanto para larvas cómo para juveniles

DIÁLOGOS TRANSNACIONAIS E INTERAÇÕES ENTRE AS CORTES: Novos Paradigmas do Judicialismo Constitucional

This study aims to discuss transnational dialogues and interactions between courts in order to understand the new paradigms of constitutional judicialism. To this end, it questions the extent to which Brazilian magistrates are subject to transnational norms, and whether they use international human rights treaties and the manifestations of other Courts when judging the cases assigned to them. The method employed in carrying out this research was the dialectical-argumentative one, operationalized by extensive bibliographical and documentary research carried out in articles, doctrines and jurisprudential understandings of the Brazilian legal system and other transnational courts, especially the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IDH Court) pertinent to the topic addressed. It was concluded at the end of the article that the members of the Brazilian Judiciary, when carrying out conventionality control, should seek to establish broad and open dialogue relations with other transnational courts, guided by the pro persona principle, seeking the construction of the legal norm most favorable to the human person, in order to provide him with the broadest and most effective protection possible and to avoid the violation of the guarantees and prerogatives established in his favor, either by the domestic legal system or by the International Law of Human RightsO presente estudo objetiva discutir os diálogos transnacionais e as interações entre as cortes visando conhecer os novos paradigmas do judicialismo constitucional. Para tanto, questiona em que medida os magistrados brasileiros encontram-se submetidos às normas transnacionais, e se valem dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos e das manifestações de outras Cortes ao julgar os casos que lhes são distribuídos. O método empregado na realização desta pesquisa foi o dialético-argumentativo, operacionalizado por ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental realizada em artigos, doutrinas e entendimentos jurisprudenciais do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e outras cortes transnacionais, especialmente a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) pertinentes à temática abordada. Concluiu-se ao final do artigo que os membros do Poder Judiciário brasileiro, ao realizarem o controle de convencionalidade, devem buscar o estabelecimento de relações de diálogo amplas e abertas com outras cortes transnacionais, orientadas pelo princípio pro persona, buscando a construção da norma jurídica mais favorável à pessoa humana, de forma a conferir-lhe a proteção mais ampla e eficaz possível e evitando a violação das garantias e prerrogativas estabelecidas em seu favor, seja pelo ordenamento jurídico interno, seja pelo Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos

Feeding habits of the franciscana dolphin (<i>Pontoporia blainvillei</i>) in south-eastern Brazil

This study evaluated the feeding habits of the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) in south-eastern Brazil. Stomach contents were collected from a total of 145 dead specimens found incidentally caught by fishing vessels or stranded between 2005 and 2015. Fish otoliths, cephalopod beaks and whole non-digested prey were used for prey species identification. A total of 9337 prey items were identified, including 26 species of teleost fishes and three species of cephalopods. The most important prey families were Sciaenidae among fish and Loliginidae among cephalopods. Franciscana dolphins tended to feed on small fish (mean = 5.25 cm) and cephalopods (mean = 8.57 cm). The index of relative importance (IRI) showed that Pellona harroweri and Doryteuthis plei were the most important prey for both males and females. The PERMANOVA test confirmed that there is no significant difference between the feeding habits of different sexes, but detected a significant difference among seasons. Overall, our results show that franciscana dolphins are predominantly ichthyophagous and non-selective in relation to the type of prey, feeding on pelagic, demersal and pelagic-demersal prey

A tutela dos direitos humanos dos migrantes pelo Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos

Os constantes casos de violações de direitos humanos dos migrantes no continente americano indicam o seu maior risco a terem suas garantias mais fundamentais desrespeitadas pelos Estados. A partir desse contexto, este estudo tem por objetivo examinar como o sistema interamericano tem protegido os direitos humanos dos migrantes e se a referida tutela tem sido adequada para a efetivação de suas garantias. Para atingir tal finalidade, serão apresentadas as normas interamericanas que têm uma especial aplicabilidade para os referidos sujeitos. Em seguida, será abordada a atuação da CIDH na elaboração de estudos, relatórios e recebimento de denúncias de violação aos direitos dos migrantes. Também serão descritas as interpretações normativas expostas em opiniões consultivas emitidas pela Corte Interamericana. Por fim, serão narradas as sentenças proferidas pela Corte IDH em casos contenciosos nos quais a condição de migrante foi elementar para as violações aos instrumentos internacionais