Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Antimicrobial activity assessment of nanostructured systems

O interesse na aplicação de sistemas nanoestrurados como veículo de preparações farmacêuticas se deve a capacidade destes de solubilizar substâncias hidrofílicas e lipofílicas. Com isto, têm sido utilizados visando a modificação da biodisponibilidade e a diminuição da toxicidade de vários fármacos, oferecendo grande potencial de utilização farmacológica. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de dois sistemas nanoestrurados (S1 e S4), desenvolvidos na FarmáciaUnimep, através da avaliação do seu potencial como sistema conservante. Foram realizados o controle de qualidade microbiológico, teste do desafio e cálculo do valor D. Os produtos não apresentaram contaminação microbiana (6 para 5.103 UFC/g, número que permaneceu praticamente constante neste tempo, sendo que os microrganismos apresentaram comportamentos diferentes frente à s duas formulações. Houve maior eficiência antimicrobiana da amostra S4 que apresentou valores D variando de 0,81 a 6,8 h para os diferentes microrganismos. O teste do desafio e o cálculo do valor D foram métodos eficientes para a avaliação da propriedade conservante dos sistemas nanoestruturados S1 e S4Interest in the application of nanostructured systems as vehicles for pharmaceutical preparations is due to their capacity to solubilize hydrophylic and lipophylic substances. Thus they have been used with a view to modifying the bioavailability and reducing the toxicity of various drugs, offering great potential for therapeutic use. The aim of this research was to assess two nanostructured systems (S1 and S4) developed at the Unimep Pharmacy with regard to their potential as a preservative system. Microbiological quality control and the challenge test were performed, and the D value was calculated. The products presented no microbial contamination (6 to 5.103 cfu/g, a number that remained practically constant in this time, with the microorganisms presenting different behaviors in the face of the two formulations. Greater antimicrobial efficiency was shown by sample S4, which presented D values ranging from 0.81 to 6.8 hours for the different microorganisms. The challenge test and the D value calculation were efficient methods for assessing the preservative property of the nanostructured systems S1 and S4.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Antimicrobial activity assessment of nanostructured systems

O interesse na aplicação de sistemas nanoestrurados como veículo de preparações farmacêuticas se deve a capacidade destes de solubilizar substâncias hidrofílicas e lipofílicas. Com isto, têm sido utilizados visando a modificação da biodisponibilidade e a diminuição da toxicidade de vários fármacos, oferecendo grande potencial de utilização farmacológica. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de dois sistemas nanoestrurados (S1 e S4), desenvolvidos na FarmáciaUnimep, através da avaliação do seu potencial como sistema conservante. Foram realizados o controle de qualidade microbiológico, teste do desafio e cálculo do valor D. Os produtos não apresentaram contaminação microbiana (6 para 5.103 UFC/g, número que permaneceu praticamente constante neste tempo, sendo que os microrganismos apresentaram comportamentos diferentes frente à s duas formulações. Houve maior eficiência antimicrobiana da amostra S4 que apresentou valores D variando de 0,81 a 6,8 h para os diferentes microrganismos. O teste do desafio e o cálculo do valor D foram métodos eficientes para a avaliação da propriedade conservante dos sistemas nanoestruturados S1 e S4Interest in the application of nanostructured systems as vehicles for pharmaceutical preparations is due to their capacity to solubilize hydrophylic and lipophylic substances. Thus they have been used with a view to modifying the bioavailability and reducing the toxicity of various drugs, offering great potential for therapeutic use. The aim of this research was to assess two nanostructured systems (S1 and S4) developed at the Unimep Pharmacy with regard to their potential as a preservative system. Microbiological quality control and the challenge test were performed, and the D value was calculated. The products presented no microbial contamination (6 to 5.103 cfu/g, a number that remained practically constant in this time, with the microorganisms presenting different behaviors in the face of the two formulations. Greater antimicrobial efficiency was shown by sample S4, which presented D values ranging from 0.81 to 6.8 hours for the different microorganisms. The challenge test and the D value calculation were efficient methods for assessing the preservative property of the nanostructured systems S1 and S4.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Sobre a formação de professores para a disciplina Educação Física em Santa Catarina (1937-1945): ciência, controle e ludicidade na educação dos corpos On teachers training in Physical Education in Santa Catarina (1937-1945): science, control and recreation in the bodies education

As décadas de 1930 e 1940 configuram no Brasil uma tentativa de modernização e construção de uma identidade nacional. A prática dos exercícios físicos nas escolas foi concebida como política de construção de cidadãos saudáveis e produtivos que correspondessem ao projeto que se inaugura com o estímulo à industrialização no país. Esperava-se que ocorresse uma mudança "civilizadora" no comportamento, gerida pela escola dos anos 1930, em virtude da formação do Estado e da construção de uma "segunda natureza" altamente controlada por dispositivos disciplinares, dentre eles a Educação Física Escolar. Santa Catarina seguiu o enredo das preocupações nacionais, instituindo a Escola de Educação Física do Estado, cujo objetivo era formar professores dessa disciplina, além de desenvolver, orientar e unificar a sua prática em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino. A pesquisa investigou a crescente importância da cultura corporal, estudando as prescrições para a prática da disciplina presentes na Revista de Educação (1937-1938) e em Relatórios da Inspetoria de Educação Física do Estado. Foram identificados três eixos que merecem destaque e estão articulados entre si: bases científicas das lições, controle das emoções ou disciplina moral, caráter lúdico pela prática de jogos. Tais eixos resumiam a funções atribuídas à Educação Física: modelagem do cidadão nacional, potencializando força física e disciplinando-o moralmente.<br>In the thirties and forties years of XX Century in Brazil were full of efforts in modernization and constructions of national identity. Physical exercises at school are important part of the healthy and productive policy of contraction of citizens for the industrialization of the country. A "civilized" turning in the behavior guided by the school of thirties was expected, in sense of State formation and of construction of a "second nature" controlled by disciplinary dispositives, Physical Education at school among those. The state of Santa Catarina was engaged in this process and had created the State Physical Education School, whose aim was to graduate teachers in this discipline, beyond developing, advising and uniting the practice in all of schools. It was researched the escalate importance of body culture, taking as sources the prescriptions of Revista de Educação (1937-1938) and of the Reports of State Physical Education Inspection. Three linked axis were found: the scientific basis of the lessons, the control of emotions or the moral discipline, the recreational character of plays. These axis resumed the expected functions of Physical Education: the construction of national citizen through physical capacity and moral discipline