Arquitectura a reacção pictória : a pintura no trabalho e vida de um arquitecto

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitectura, apresentada ao Departamento de Arquitectura da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.A presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo estudar e explorar três arquitectos ligados à arte/pintura, segundo uma conotação de “amor/ódio”. No entanto não é suposto estudar exaustivamente as suas vidas e obras, mas sim perceber onde é que a pintura se introduz no trabalho do arquitecto e que importância manifestou para o desenvolvimento do mesmo. Os presentes arquitectos foram Pancho Guedes1, Nadir Afonso e Le Corbusier. Guedes é claramente um arquitecto pintor, incapaz de trabalhar a pintura e a arquitectura separadamente. Apresenta uma obra baseada nas formas orgânicas da natureza, apropriando-se das linhas irregulares em constante metamorfose. O organicismo e o surrealismo são correntes que se manifestam unicamente no seu labor, o que provoca uma invocação a um contexto onírico. Nadir Afonso, arquitecto que abandona a sua profissão para se tornar pintor, define a sua obra pictórica através de uma busca fugaz pelas leis matemáticas e geométricas com a finalidade de alcançar a tão desejada harmonia. Produz pinturas durante toda a sua vida, encontrando no meio pictórico a liberdade, que segundo ele, não existia na arquitectura. Le Corbusier, detentor de uma personalidade complexa, produz a arquitectura não deixando de parte as suas outras paixões artísticas, nomeadamente a pintura. É um dos personagens mais importantes ligado à arquitectura de vanguarda do século XX, tendo desenvolvido uma infinidade de projectos arquitectónicos, pinturas e esculturas combinadas a um racionalismo constante, onde os traços reguladores, parte de um estudo intitulado Modulor, seriam determinantes para as suas produções.The current thesis has its main focus on the study and understanding of three architects linked to art/painting, according to a connotation of “love/hate”. Nevertheless, it is not supposed to study exhaustively their lives and work, instead it’s important to understand in which ways painting is introduced in the architect work and its relevance on their self development. The architects are Pancho Guedes, Nadir Afonso and Le Corbusier. It is clear that Guedes is a painter architect, incapable of working painting and architecture separately. He presents a work based on organic shapes from nature, appropriating its irregular lines in permanent metamorphosis. The organicism and surrealism are currents that are exclusively manifested in his labour invoking a dream dimension. Nadir Afonso, an architect that abandoned his profession to become a painter, defines his pictorial work by an intense pursuit of the geometrical and mathematical laws in order to achieve the much desired harmony. He paints throughout his life, finding in the pictorial discipline the freedom that according to him, didn’t exist in architecture. Le Corbusier, holder of a complex personality, has an active work in the architecture discipline without leaving behind his other artistic passions, in particular painting. He is one of the most important characters linked with the vanguard architecture of the XX century, who developed an infinity of architectonic projects, paintings and sculptures combined to a continuous rationalism, where regulator traits, part of a study entitled Modulor, would be determinant for his work

Arquitectura a reacção pictória : a pintura no trabalho e vida de um arquitecto

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitectura, apresentada ao Departamento de Arquitectura da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.A presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo estudar e explorar três arquitectos ligados à arte/pintura, segundo uma conotação de “amor/ódio”. No entanto não é suposto estudar exaustivamente as suas vidas e obras, mas sim perceber onde é que a pintura se introduz no trabalho do arquitecto e que importância manifestou para o desenvolvimento do mesmo. Os presentes arquitectos foram Pancho Guedes1, Nadir Afonso e Le Corbusier. Guedes é claramente um arquitecto pintor, incapaz de trabalhar a pintura e a arquitectura separadamente. Apresenta uma obra baseada nas formas orgânicas da natureza, apropriando-se das linhas irregulares em constante metamorfose. O organicismo e o surrealismo são correntes que se manifestam unicamente no seu labor, o que provoca uma invocação a um contexto onírico. Nadir Afonso, arquitecto que abandona a sua profissão para se tornar pintor, define a sua obra pictórica através de uma busca fugaz pelas leis matemáticas e geométricas com a finalidade de alcançar a tão desejada harmonia. Produz pinturas durante toda a sua vida, encontrando no meio pictórico a liberdade, que segundo ele, não existia na arquitectura. Le Corbusier, detentor de uma personalidade complexa, produz a arquitectura não deixando de parte as suas outras paixões artísticas, nomeadamente a pintura. É um dos personagens mais importantes ligado à arquitectura de vanguarda do século XX, tendo desenvolvido uma infinidade de projectos arquitectónicos, pinturas e esculturas combinadas a um racionalismo constante, onde os traços reguladores, parte de um estudo intitulado Modulor, seriam determinantes para as suas produções.The current thesis has its main focus on the study and understanding of three architects linked to art/painting, according to a connotation of “love/hate”. Nevertheless, it is not supposed to study exhaustively their lives and work, instead it’s important to understand in which ways painting is introduced in the architect work and its relevance on their self development. The architects are Pancho Guedes, Nadir Afonso and Le Corbusier. It is clear that Guedes is a painter architect, incapable of working painting and architecture separately. He presents a work based on organic shapes from nature, appropriating its irregular lines in permanent metamorphosis. The organicism and surrealism are currents that are exclusively manifested in his labour invoking a dream dimension. Nadir Afonso, an architect that abandoned his profession to become a painter, defines his pictorial work by an intense pursuit of the geometrical and mathematical laws in order to achieve the much desired harmony. He paints throughout his life, finding in the pictorial discipline the freedom that according to him, didn’t exist in architecture. Le Corbusier, holder of a complex personality, has an active work in the architecture discipline without leaving behind his other artistic passions, in particular painting. He is one of the most important characters linked with the vanguard architecture of the XX century, who developed an infinity of architectonic projects, paintings and sculptures combined to a continuous rationalism, where regulator traits, part of a study entitled Modulor, would be determinant for his work

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data