Distribution, Emphasis and Possible Interactions among Tourism Research Centres in Mercosul

The aim of this paper is to presente an overview about the existence and the likely interactions of Tourism Research Centres (TRC) among the Mercosul countries, as a prerequisite of innovations in tourism field. It was used a quantitative and qualitative method of analysis. As a result it was found an asymmetrical distribution of TRC between the countries, with nonspecific emphasis and no relation to each other. In this regard the institutionalization stage of knowledge production in tourism, as a precondition of its development, is still incipient

Correlations between different plaque indexes and bleeding on probing : a concurrent validity study

It is stated that plaque indexes emphasizing interproximal areas or gingival margins are important when periodontal inflammation is the main focus. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity between the following indexes: Green

Social participation as institutional discourse in Mexico tourism agenda

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a adesão da participação social na decisão política examinando o fundamento das políticas públicas de turismo em relação aos atores e seus interesses no discurso institucional. Especificamente, analisa‐se o Plan Sectorial de Turismo (2013‐2018) do México, para identificar de que maneira a participação social está presente no discurso apresentado. Esta pesquisa contribui ao debate sobre a discrepância entre o discurso do desenvolvimento dos destinos turísticos baseado no benefício das populações impactadas, em contraponto com os resultados concretos das ações que privilegiam os interesses privados. Pressupõe‐se que a possibilidade do envolvimento de diversos atores na arena pública está vinculada com o nível de autonomia das comunidades receptoras nas interferências públicas para o desenvolvimento do turismo, visando a consolidação dos seus valores culturais, ambientais e patrimoniais. Conclui‐se que a participação social está presente no discurso institucional, contudo, as políticas públicas estão direcionadas a um objetivo central que não incorpora as demandas da sociedade em geral.The aim of this article is analyse the role of social participation in decision‐making by examining the foundation of State tourism policies and institutional discourse with respect to stakeholders and their interests. The Sectorial Plan of Tourism of Mexico (2013-2018) is analysed in order to illustrate how social participation is represented in institutional discourse. The research is planned to contribute to the ongoing debate with respect to the discrepancy between the official “social discourse” of tourism development (designed to improve the lives of the hosts) and the reality that actually promotes private interests. It is assumed that the possibility of involving various different actors in the State sphere is directly linked to the level of autonomy of the host communities to intervene in the development of a tourism designed to highlight their environmental and cultural values. The conclusion is that although official discourse and policies claim they are aiming at the goal of responding to the local community’s demands and interests, this is not the case

Granitoides TTG de Água Azul do Norte (PA): implicações tectônicas para a Província Carajás

The TTG crust from the Água Azul do Norte, inserted in the geological context of the Carajás Province, located in the southern portion of the Carajás Domain, near the limit with the Granite-Greenstone Terrain of Rio Maria, is dominantly trondhjemites and are strongly akin to others TTG occurrences in Carajás domain, and differing from those of the Rio Maria domain due the presence of evolved terms, lower primary accessory minerals contents and for being essentially peraluminous. It exhibits moderate to high La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, and low Nb/Ta ratio, which indicates that they wereit was produced from partial melt of metamafic source, at high to intermediate pressure conditions (~1.0–1.5 GPa), but still in the garnet stability field. The large tonalitic enclaves indentifiedidentified have particular mineralogical and geochemical features that do not allow associating them with the typical TTG associations. The flat Rare Earth Elements (RREs) pattern (low La/Yb ratio) indicates that they werethese rocks produced out the garnet stability field, in lower pressure conditions than TTG granitoids (≤1.0 GPa), and they could represent magmas with transitional behavior between typical TTG and sanukitoids. The less-evolved character of the enclaves, regarding that of the São Carlos tonalite of 2,93 Ga, associated with their chaotic structural patterns, suggests that these enclaves can represent preserved parts of an even older crust. The TTG crust studied in the region Água Azul do Norte region records at least two important deformational moments played in the area with coincident principal shortening axis (N10-20ºE). The first moment (D1) is evidenced for the compositional banding (E-W) formed by a strong pure shear component during the TTG granitoids emplacement in 2,93 Ga. The late phase of ductile deformation (D2), under medium amphibolite metamorphism facies conditions (550ºC), is marked by the transposition of simple and pure shear of the ancient structures, which originated the NW-SE, N-S, NE-SW and E-W foliation patterns. This deformational moment is registered to late intrusions of sin to post-tectonic leucogranites of 2.87 Ga, amphibolite bodies and the host rocks next to these intrusions. The transpressive strain identified in the area suggests that the plates convergence was active between 2.93 and 2.87 Ga, and, during the last phase of transpression, the strain was partitioned with the total stress of simple shear being accommodated in shear zones and shear bandings. As consequence, there is the preservation of regions with low deformation among shear zones controlled by pure shear. The existence of a TTG crust in Água Azul do Norte region compositionally distinct from Rio Maria domain, in addition to a complex deformational pattern that is usually associated with migmatization processes, suggest that this portion of Carajás domain does not represent an extension of the Rio Maria domain, but an independent Mesoarchean crust block without records of Neoarchean events, which would not be in compliance to the definition attributed to Carajás domain.A crosta TTG de Água Azul do Norte, inserida no contexto geológico da Província Carajás, situada na porção sul do Domínio Carajás (DC), próximo ao limite com o Terreno Granito-Greenstone de Rio Maria, é dominantemente trondhjemítica, mostra forte afinidade com as ocorrências TTG do DC e difere daquelas do Domínio Rio Maria (DRM), por apresentar termos mais evoluídos, conteúdos menos expressivos de minerais acessórios primários, ausência de plagioclásio intensamente descalcificado e ser essencialmente peraluminosa. Apresenta médias e altas razões La/Yb e Sr/Y, e baixas de Nb/Ta, indicando que foi formada a partir da fusão parcial de granada-anfibolito, em condições de altas a intermediárias pressões (~1,0 – 1,5 GPa). Os megaenclaves tonalíticos identificados possuem características mineralógicas e geoquímicas que não permitem associá-los às típicas associações TTG. O padrão elementos terras raras (ETR) horizontalizado (baixas razões La/Yb) sugere que essas rochas foram geradas fora do campo de estabilidade da granada, sob pressões inferiores àquelas dos granitoides TTG (≤1,0 GPa). Estes representariam magmas de comportamento transicional entre os típicos TTG e as rochas afins de sanukitoides. O caráter menos evoluído dos enclaves em relação às rochas do Tonalito São Carlos de ~2,93 Ga, com seu padrão estrutural caótico, sugere que esses possam representar partes preservadas de uma crosta ainda mais antiga. A crosta TTG estudada na região de Água Azul do Norte registra, pelo menos, dois importantes momentos de deformação atuantes na área com eixos de encurtamento principal coincidentes (N10-20ºE). O primeiro momento (D1) é evidenciado pelo bandamento composicional (E-W) gerado por um forte componente de cisalhamento puro durante a colocação dos granitoides TTG em ~2,93 Ga. A fase tardia de deformação dúctil (D2), dada sob condições de metamorfismo de fácies anfibolito médio (550ºC), é marcada pela transposição de cisalhamento simples e puro das estruturas pretéritas que deram origem aos padrões de foliação NW-SE, N-S, NE-SW e E-W. Esse momento de deformação está registrado nas intrusões tardias de leucogranitos sin a tardi-tectônicos de ~2,87 Ga, nos corpos anfibolíticos e nas rochas encaixantes próximas a essas intrusões. A deformação transpressiva identificada na área sugere que as convergências de placas foram atuantes durante o período de 2,93 e 2,87 Ga, sendo que, durante a última fase da transpressão, o strain foi particionado, com a tensão total de cisalhamento simples acomodada em zonas e bandas de cisalhamento. Uma consequência disso seria a preservação de regiões de baixa deformação entre zonas de cisalhamento, controladas por cisalhamento puro. A existência de uma crosta TTG na área de Água Azul do Norte distinta daquela do DRM, aliada a um complexo padrão deformacional que quase sempre está associado a processos de migmatização, sugere que a mesma não representa uma extensão daquele domínio, e sim um bloco mesoarqueano independente e sem registros da atuação de eventos neoarqueanos, o que também não estaria em conformidade com a definição atribuída ao DC

Seed quality and optimal spatial arrangement of fodder radish

Besides the use of fodder radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.) as green manure plant cover crops and animal feed, the seeds have high oil content and low viscosity, ideal characteristics for the production of biodiesel. Studies related to the technology of seed production for this species are insufficient to define the best spatial arrangement of plants in the field that provides higher yields associated with high-quality seeds. Thus, we investigated the space and density between plants that would be ideal for the production of high quality fodder radish seeds. We evaluated the agronomic characteristics and physical, physiological and seed health quality in recently harvested fodder radish in row spacings of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 m and densities of 10, 30, 50 and 70 seeds m-2. The quality and productivity of the fodder radish's seeds were affected by the spatial arrangement of plants in the field. Seeds harvested under the spacing of 0.2 m and density of 30 seeds m-2 had better performance and physical, physiological and health quality. Alternaria sp. incidence increased with greater spacing, while Fusarium sp. incidence decreased

Assessment of the adherence to and costs of the prophylaxis protocol for venous thromboembolism

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate adherence to the therapeutic prophylaxis protocol for venous thromboembolism (VTE) as well as the costs of this practice. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at a State General Hospital in Brazil through reports of drug dispensions, prescriptions and risk stratification of patients. Adherence to the VTE prophylaxis protocol was monitored. The tests for VTE diagnosis measured the adherence to therapeutic prophylaxis treatment, and the purchase prices of the drugs went into the calculation of drug therapy costs. The level of adherence to prescriptions for VTE prophylaxis in the hospital was classified as ‘‘adherence’’, ‘‘non-adherence’’ and ‘‘justified non-adherence’’ when compared with the protocol. RESULTS: Protocol adherence was observed for 50 (30.9%) patients, and non-adherence was observed for 63 (38.9%) patients, generating an additional cost of $180.40/month. Justified non-adherence in 49 (30.2$514.71/month in savings due to a reduction in the number of daily administrations of unfractionated heparin while still providing an effective method for preventing VTE. Twenty-six patients stratified as having medium to high risk of VTE who did not receive prophylaxis were identified, generating $154.41 in savings. However, these data should be evaluated with caution since the risks and outcomes associated with not preventing VTE outweigh the economy achieved from not prescribing a drug when a patient needs it. The only case of VTE identified during the study period was related to justified non-adherence to the protocol. CONCLUSION: The protocol is based on scientific evidence that describes an effective therapy to prevent VTE. However, the protocol should be updated because the justifications for non-adherence are based on scientific evidence, and this justified non-adherence generates savings and yields effective disease prevention

APLICAÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM DE PADRÕES À AVALIAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DE BIBLIOTECA PÚBLICA.

O projeto de bibliotecas públicas é extremamente complexo, pois deve atender satisfatoriamente não apenas ao público e à conservação do acervo, mas ainda às políticas públicas, aos serviços de gestão da informação, a usos de interesse social e, mais atualmente, à manutenção e divulgação de novas mídias em constante processo de inovação. Com base na metodologia de projeto apresentada em “A pattern language” de Alexander (1975, 1977, 1979), foram identificados na literatura específica das áreas de planejamento e projeto de bibliotecas padrões para este tipo de edifício e as relações de dependência entre eles no processo de projeto. Estes dados foram utilizados na elaboração de uma base de dados na forma de uma linguagem de padrões para dar suporte à avaliação deste tipo de projeto. Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação deste método à análise do projeto da Biblioteca de São Paulo, inaugurada em 2010. Esta metodologia mostrou-se aplicável à avaliação de projetos concluídos, mas também apresentou grande potencial como metodologia de suporte ao processo de projeto. O método utilizado para a elaboração da “linguagem de padrões” para projetos de bibliotecas pode ser replicado a fim de gerar “linguagens de padrões” para outras tipologias de edifício.</p

APLICAÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM DE PADRÕES À AVALIAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DE BIBLIOTECA PÚBLICA.

The design of public libraries is extremely complex because not only must it meet the needs of the public and of collection preservation, but it must also comply with public policies, information management services, and more recently, to the maintenance and propagation of new information media. Based on the design methodology presented in “A pattern language” by Alexander (1975, 1977,1979), patterns for this type of building were identified in the specific literature for the design and planning of libraries buildings. These patterns were compiled in a database in order to be applied to the evaluation of this type of project. This paper presents the application of this method to the analysis of the design for of the Library of São Paulo, opened in 2010. This methodology can be applied to the evaluation of finished projects, and it has also shown great potential as a tool to support the design process. The method used to formulate this pattern language for the design of library buildings can be replicated in order to generate new pattern languages for other types of buildings.O projeto de bibliotecas públicas é extremamente complexo, pois deve atender satisfatoriamente não apenas ao público e à conservação do acervo, mas ainda às políticas públicas, aos serviços de gestão da informação, a usos de interesse social e, mais atualmente, à manutenção e divulgação de novas mídias em constante processo de inovação. Com base na metodologia de projeto apresentada em “A pattern language” de Alexander (1975, 1977, 1979), foram identificados na literatura específica das áreas de planejamento e projeto de bibliotecas padrões para este tipo de edifício e as relações de dependência entre eles no processo de projeto. Estes dados foram utilizados na elaboração de uma base de dados na forma de uma linguagem de padrões para dar suporte à avaliação deste tipo de projeto. Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação deste método à análise do projeto da Biblioteca de São Paulo, inaugurada em 2010. Esta metodologia mostrou-se aplicável à avaliação de projetos concluídos, mas também apresentou grande potencial como metodologia de suporte ao processo de projeto. O método utilizado para a elaboração da “linguagem de padrões” para projetos de bibliotecas pode ser replicado a fim de gerar “linguagens de padrões” para outras tipologias de edifício

Analysis of Count Time Series: A Bayesian GARMA(p, q) Approach

Extensions of the Autoregressive Moving Average, ARMA(p, q), class for modeling non-Gaussian time series have been proposed in the literature in recent years, being applied in phenomena such as counts and rates. One of them is the Generalized Autoregressive Moving Average, GARMA(p, q), that is supported by the Generalized Linear Models theory and has been studied under the Bayesian perspective. This paper aimed to study models for time series of counts using the Poisson, Negative binomial and Poisson inverse Gaussian distributions, and adopting the Bayesian framework. To do so, we carried out a simulation study and, in addition, we showed a practical application and evaluation of these models by using a set of real data, corresponding to the number of vehicle thefts in Brazil

Forecasting the number of vehicles thefts in Campinas/Brazil using a Generalized Linear Autoregressive Moving Average model

By definition, thefts are considered the act of taking away other people's mobile possessions for personal use or for others, affecting crime rates, economic indicators and enabling recent studies to create risk zones in society, contributing to insurance pricing in actuarial methods. This paper analyzes the number of vehicle thefts of 38 locations near Campinas/São Paulo, Brazil, using a GLARMA(p,q) model with Poisson and Negative Binomial response. The main feature of GLARMA(p,q) is to consider the peculiarities of counting data as high dispersion. As a result, it was possible to verify the adequacy and usefulness of the model for counting data. With specific techniques for estimating time series related to the public security area, patterns can be better understood, revealing relevant information that can be added to decision-making processes to direct public policies