21 research outputs found

    Daxx-Mediated Accumulation of Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein pp71 at ND10 Facilitates Initiation of Viral Infection at These Nuclear Domains

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    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) starts immediate-early transcription at nuclear domains 10 (ND10), forming a highly dynamic immediate transcript environment at this nuclear site. The reason for this spatial correlation remains enigmatic, and the mechanism for induction of transcription at ND10 is unknown. We investigated whether tegument-based transactivators are involved in the specific intranuclear location of HCMV. Here, we demonstrate that the HCMV transactivator tegument protein pp71 accumulates at ND10 before the production of immediate-early proteins. Intracellular trafficking of pp71 is facilitated through binding to a coiled-coil region of Daxx. The C-terminal domain of Daxx then interacts with SUMO-modified PML, resulting in the deposition of pp71 at ND10. In Daxx-deficient cells, pp71 does not accumulate at ND10, proving in vivo the necessity of Daxx for pp71 deposition. Also, HCMV forms immediate transcript environments at sites other than ND10 in Daxx-deficient cells, and so does the HCMV pp71 knockout mutant UL82(βˆ’/βˆ’) in normal cells. This result strongly suggests that pp71 and Daxx are essential for HCMV transcription at ND10. Lack of Daxx had the effect of reducing the infection rate. We conclude that the tegument transactivator pp71 facilitates viral genome deposition and transcription at ND10, possibly priming HCMV for more efficient productive infection

    Π”ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ восприимчивости Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Бибирского Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° Π² контСкстС Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² 2000-2013 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…

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    There is no alternative to the innovative way of competitive stability in the open economy. Susceptibility to innovation becomes an indicator of motivation and an essential factor in the economic system growth. The effectiveness of regulation both the innovation process and innovation sector of the territorial economy determines the adequacy of the tools selected. The choice of approach to the regulation puts the focus on differences in the research methods and theoretical explanation of the phenomena of innovation as an economic good. It is possible to determine differences and peculiarities of innovative susceptibility of the Siberian Federal District through the use of statistical data (official and regional statistical reports for the SFD 2000-2013), the analytical model of innovative susceptibility of regional economy, Oslo Guidelines approach, the use of the factor approach to innovation and defining the relationship between the results of innovative activity and regional product. This analysis allows us to construct a matrix of tools for innovative management. Analytical matrix can serve as a basis for effective adaptation of innovation policy to the region’s realias. The concept of tools for administrative influence from the state regional authorities is proposed on the basis of requirements in case of the presence of the β€œirreducible infrastructural minimum” in subject’s innovative orientation. Only this composition of innovative infrastructure is capable of ensuring the flow and going through the nature of innovation. The authors offered the matrix method of the innovation policy’s β€œtarget orientation”. The method will provide adequate and timely reaction of innovative policy and multi-channel regulation. A model of β€œirreducible minimum” for the innovative sector infrastructure of the regional economy was postulated, the relation between the level of innovative susceptibility and development of the β€œthrough innovation” technological approach, as well as the possibility of the matrix approach to the form the innovation policy of the territory (continuity purposes, tools, resource, and methods) were provedΠ’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ управлСния инновациями обСспСчиваСтся ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ закономСрностСй Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈ- Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы. Π’ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ½- новационности стран ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ конкурСнтоспособности ВсСмирного экономичСского Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Комиссии СвропСйских сообщСств (ΠšΠ•Π‘), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠžΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономичСского сотрудничСства ΠΈ развития (ОЭБР), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° АмСриканского Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (NCF). Π’ отСчСствСнной Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: типизация Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² России ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎ стСпСни развития ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π’. Π›. Π‘Π°Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ( Π‘Π°Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ½, 2002); Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·Π°- ция ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρƒ Π½Π° основС диспСрсионного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ экспСртных ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Н. Н. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°, Н. И. ΠœΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° (Π”Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ рСгионов…,2006), модСль российского Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ- Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ индСкса (ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ унивСрситСт Π’Π¨Π­) (Π Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½- Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.., 2015) ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ индСкса инновационности (Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ ОЭБР, 2000). Бтатистика Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² БЀО, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС общая экономичСская ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2000-2013 Π³Π³. Π² сравнСнии с состояниСм ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ- ности Π Π€ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ уровня ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½- Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития (Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°, 2013). Π’Π°ΠΊ, доля ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² России Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ выпускС составляСт 8–9 % (Π² странах-Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… этот ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 15 %) ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½- Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π·Π° послСдниС 3 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π΅ растСт. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ российских ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ: доля России Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ экспортС высокотСхнологичных Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² – 0,4 % (ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, 2015), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ нСобходимости Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π»Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… усилий ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ рСгуляторных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ инструмСнтов Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ связанности ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ поддСрТиваСмости ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ- Π²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ

    Π”ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ восприимчивости Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Бибирского Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° Π² контСкстС Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² 2000-2013 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…

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    There is no alternative to the innovative way of competitive stability in the open economy. Susceptibility to innovation becomes an indicator of motivation and an essential factor in the economic system growth. The effectiveness of regulation both the innovation process and innovation sector of the territorial economy determines the adequacy of the tools selected. The choice of approach to the regulation puts the focus on differences in the research methods and theoretical explanation of the phenomena of innovation as an economic good. It is possible to determine differences and peculiarities of innovative susceptibility of the Siberian Federal District through the use of statistical data (official and regional statistical reports for the SFD 2000-2013), the analytical model of innovative susceptibility of regional economy, Oslo Guidelines approach, the use of the factor approach to innovation and defining the relationship between the results of innovative activity and regional product. This analysis allows us to construct a matrix of tools for innovative management. Analytical matrix can serve as a basis for effective adaptation of innovation policy to the region’s realias. The concept of tools for administrative influence from the state regional authorities is proposed on the basis of requirements in case of the presence of the β€œirreducible infrastructural minimum” in subject’s innovative orientation. Only this composition of innovative infrastructure is capable of ensuring the flow and going through the nature of innovation. The authors offered the matrix method of the innovation policy’s β€œtarget orientation”. The method will provide adequate and timely reaction of innovative policy and multi-channel regulation. A model of β€œirreducible minimum” for the innovative sector infrastructure of the regional economy was postulated, the relation between the level of innovative susceptibility and development of the β€œthrough innovation” technological approach, as well as the possibility of the matrix approach to the form the innovation policy of the territory (continuity purposes, tools, resource, and methods) were provedΠ’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ управлСния инновациями обСспСчиваСтся ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ закономСрностСй Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈ- Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы. Π’ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ½- новационности стран ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ конкурСнтоспособности ВсСмирного экономичСского Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Комиссии СвропСйских сообщСств (ΠšΠ•Π‘), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠžΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономичСского сотрудничСства ΠΈ развития (ОЭБР), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° АмСриканского Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (NCF). Π’ отСчСствСнной Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: типизация Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² России ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎ стСпСни развития ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π’. Π›. Π‘Π°Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ( Π‘Π°Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ½, 2002); Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·Π°- ция ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρƒ Π½Π° основС диспСрсионного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ экспСртных ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Н. Н. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°, Н. И. ΠœΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° (Π”Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ рСгионов…,2006), модСль российского Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ- Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ индСкса (ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ унивСрситСт Π’Π¨Π­) (Π Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½- Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.., 2015) ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ индСкса инновационности (Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ ОЭБР, 2000). Бтатистика Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² БЀО, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС общая экономичСская ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2000-2013 Π³Π³. Π² сравнСнии с состояниСм ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ- ности Π Π€ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ уровня ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½- Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития (Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°, 2013). Π’Π°ΠΊ, доля ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² России Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ выпускС составляСт 8–9 % (Π² странах-Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… этот ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 15 %) ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½- Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π·Π° послСдниС 3 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π΅ растСт. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ российских ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ: доля России Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ экспортС высокотСхнологичных Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² – 0,4 % (ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, 2015), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ нСобходимости Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π»Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… усилий ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ рСгуляторных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ инструмСнтов Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ связанности ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ поддСрТиваСмости ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ- Π²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ

    Differential Functions of Interferon-Upregulated Sp100 Isoforms: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Promoter-Based Immediate-Early Gene Suppression and PML Protection from ICP0-Mediated Degradationβ–Ώ

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    Cells have intrinsic defenses against virus infection, acting before the innate or the adaptive immune response. Preexisting antiviral proteins such as PML, Daxx, and Sp100 are stored in specific nuclear domains (ND10). In herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the immediate-early protein ICP0 serves as a counterdefense through degradation of the detrimental protein PML. We asked whether interferon (IFN)-upregulated Sp100 is similarly antagonized by ICP0 in normal human fibroblasts by using a selective-knockdown approach. We find that of the four Sp100 isoforms, the three containing a SAND domain block the transcription of HSV-1 proteins ICP0 and ICP4 at the promoter level and that IFN changes the differential splicing of the Sp100 transcript in favor of the inhibitor Sp100C. At the protein level, ICP0 activity does not lead to the hydrolysis of any of the Sp100 isoforms. The SAND domain-containing isoforms are not general inhibitors of viral promoters, as the activity of the major immediate-early cytomegalovirus promoter is not diminished, whereas the long terminal repeat of a retrovirus, like the ICP0 promoter, is strongly inhibited. Since we could not find a specific promoter region in the ICP0 gene that responds to the SAND domain-containing isoforms, we questioned whether Sp100 could act through other antiviral proteins such as PML. We find that all four Sp100 isoforms stabilize ND10 and protect PML from ICP0-based hydrolysis. Loss of either all PML isoforms or all Sp100 isoforms reduces the opposite constituent ND10 protein, suggesting that various interdependent mechanisms of ND10-based proteins inhibit virus infection at the immediate-early level

    Differential Role of Sp100 Isoforms in Interferon-Mediated Repression of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Protein Expression

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    Nuclear domains called ND10 or PML nuclear bodies contain interferon (IFN)-upregulated proteins like PML and Sp100. Paradoxically, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) begins its transcriptional cascade at aggregates of ND10-associated proteins, which in turn are destroyed by the HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP0. While PML is essential in the formation of ND10, the function of Sp100 in the cells' defense against viral infection is unknown. In this study we investigated the potential antiviral effect of IFN-Ξ²-induced Sp100. We found that IFN-Ξ² treatment leads to a differential accumulation of four Sp100 isoforms in different cell lines. Using an HEK293 cell line derivative, 293-S, producing no detectable amounts of Sp100 even after IFN exposure, we analyzed individual Sp100 isoforms for their effect on HSV-1 infection. Sp100 isoforms B, C, and HMG, but not Sp100A, suppressed ICP0 and ICP4 early after infection. Isoforms B, C, and HMG suppressed expression from the ICP0 promoter in transient transfection, whereas Sp100A enhanced expression. Moreover, Sp100A localized in ND10, whereas the repressive isoforms were either dispersed within the nucleus or, at unphysiologically higher expression levels, formed new aggregates. The repressive activity was dependent on an intact SAND domain, since Sp100B bearing a W655Q mutation in the SAND domain lost this repressive activity and accumulated in ND10. Using RNA interference to knock down the repressive Sp100 isoforms B, C, and HMG, we find that they are an essential part of the IFN-Ξ²-mediated suppression of ICP0 expression. These data suggest that repression by the Sp100 isoforms B, C, and HMG takes place outside of ND10 and raise the possibility that viral genomes at Sp100A accumulations are more likely to start their transcription program because of a more permissive local environment

    Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструмСнты Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ рСалистичности Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Бибирского Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° России)

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    The proposed article deals with institutional instruments of regional innovation policy. The authors, putting forward a hypothesis about the existence of the influence of the level of sufficiency and completeness of institutional support on the effectiveness of the implementation of innovations, conduct research on the existing one. The research uses the approach of counter verification of the conclusions of desk analysis of documentary support of innovation processes in the regions and analysis of regular public statistics on their innovation sector, which is the basis for conclusions about the correlation of the innovation process and its normative reflection in the innovative sectors of regional economies. It is illustrated and justified that the state of institutional support of the innovation sector can be used as a marker of the quality of innovation transformation processes in the regional economyΠ’ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструмСнты Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Авторы, выдвигая Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρƒ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ влияния уровня достаточности ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обСспСчСния Π½Π° ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, проводят исслСдованиС ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ исслСдовании использован ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ встрСчной Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сопровоТдСния ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° рСгулярных общСдоступных статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ сСктору, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ слуТит основаниСм Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ коррСляции ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ отраТСния Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСкторах Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… хозяйств. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ обосновано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ состояниС ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сопровоТдСния ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСктора ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ качСства процСссов ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ трансформации Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ хозяйств

    Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструмСнты Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ рСалистичности Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Бибирского Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° России)

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    The proposed article deals with institutional instruments of regional innovation policy. The authors, putting forward a hypothesis about the existence of the influence of the level of sufficiency and completeness of institutional support on the effectiveness of the implementation of innovations, conduct research on the existing one. The research uses the approach of counter verification of the conclusions of desk analysis of documentary support of innovation processes in the regions and analysis of regular public statistics on their innovation sector, which is the basis for conclusions about the correlation of the innovation process and its normative reflection in the innovative sectors of regional economies. It is illustrated and justified that the state of institutional support of the innovation sector can be used as a marker of the quality of innovation transformation processes in the regional economyΠ’ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструмСнты Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Авторы, выдвигая Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρƒ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ влияния уровня достаточности ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обСспСчСния Π½Π° ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, проводят исслСдованиС ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ исслСдовании использован ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ встрСчной Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сопровоТдСния ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° рСгулярных общСдоступных статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ сСктору, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ слуТит основаниСм Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ коррСляции ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ отраТСния Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСкторах Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… хозяйств. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ обосновано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ состояниС ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сопровоТдСния ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСктора ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ качСства процСссов ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ трансформации Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ хозяйств
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