Automated GMP Production and Preclinical Evaluation of [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA

[68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA are two novel radiotracers suitable for functional PET liver imaging. Due to their specific liver uptake and biliary excretion, the tracers may be applied for segmental liver function quantification, gall tree imaging and the differential diagnosis of liver nodules. The purpose of this study was to investigate problems that occurred initially during the development of the GMP compliant synthesis procedure and to evaluate the tracers in a preclinical model. After low radiolabeling yields were attributed to precursor instability at high temperatures, an optimized radiolabeling procedure was established. Quality controls were in accordance with Ph. Eur. requirements and gave compliant results, although the method for the determination of the 68Ga colloid is partially inhibited due to the presence of a radioactive by-product. The determination of logP revealed [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA (ethoxy bearing) to be more lipophilic than [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA (methoxy bearing). Accordingly, biodistribution studies in an in ovo model showed a higher liver uptake for [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA. In dynamic in ovo PET imaging, rapid tracer accumulation in the liver was observed. Similarly, the activity in the intestines rose steadily within the first hour p.i., indicating biliary excretion. As [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA can be prepared according to GMP guidelines, transition into the early clinical phase is now possible

Sociology of Law in France: from two sociologies to interdisciplinarity

peer reviewedLa sociologie du droit en France, au même titre que la sociologie juridique dans n’importe quel autre pays, est déterminée par les conditions historiques dans lesquelles le champ juridique s’est construit ainsi que par les relations qui se sont établies entre le droit, le pouvoir politique et l’Etat. Cet article propose de présenter les enjeux auxquels fait face la sociologie du droit en portant une attention particulière au contexte social et politique dans lequel elle s’est développée au sein de l’Hexagone. Cet article pose l’hypothèse d’une faible institutionnalisation de la sociologie du droit dans ce pays, que nous proposons d’expliquer par sa construction historique « à l’ombre du droit », ainsi que par l’éclatement des différents groupes, courants et tendances qui la composent à l’heure actuelle

Modification of Parylene film-coated glass with TiO2 nanoparticles and its photocatalytic properties

A titania film was deposited on Parylene-coated glass by a one-step, ultrasound-assisted procedure. The TiO2 nanoparticles formed during the sonochemical hydrolysis of Ti(i-OPr)4 were thrown to the surface and strongly attached to the Parylene substrate. By using different solvents (water, ethanol or their mixture) and reagent concentrations, the thickness, uniformity and crystallinity of the deposited layer were regulated. PVP was used to stabilize the highly homogeneous distribution of TiO2 nanocrystals on the Parylene surface. The morphology and structure of the coated films were characterized by physical and chemical methods such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and optical spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the titania-modified Parylene film in the photo discoloration of methylene blue was demonstrated. The experimental results revealed a correlation between the uniformity of the nanostructured anatase titania film and its photocatalytic properties