Reactive SPS of Al2O3–RE:YAG (RE = Ce; Ce+Gd) composite ceramic phosphors

Ultrafine-grained Al2O3–rare earth:yttrium aluminium garnet (Al2O3–RE:YAG) (RE = Ce; Ce+Gd) composite ceramics were obtained for the first time by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS) using commercially available initial oxide powders. The effect of key sintering parameters (temperature, dwell time, and external pressure (Pload)) on densification peculiarities, structural-phase states, and luminescent properties of composites was studied comprehensively. Differences in phase formation and densification between Ce-doped and Ce,Gd-codoped systems were shown. Parameters of reactive SPS, at which there is partial melting with the formation of near-eutectic zones of the Al2O3–YAG system/coexistence of several variations of the YAG-type phase, were established. Pure corundum–garnet biphasic ceramics with an optimal balance between microstructural and luminescence performance were synthesized at 1425 ℃/30 min/30–60 MPa. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the phosphor converters reached 80.7% and 72% with close lifetime of ~63.8 ns, similar to those of commercial Ce:YAG materials, which is promising for further applications in the field of high-power white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and laser diodes (LDs)

Synthesis of Ti-Cu Multiphase Alloy by Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanical and Corrosion Properties

To study the material based on the binary system Ti + Cu (50% atm), samples were produced from powders of commercially pure metals and additionally ground in a ball mill (final size about 12 µm) by spark plasma sintering. The following intermetallic phases were obtained in the materials: CuTi2, TiCu, and Ti3Cu4. The materials have a hardness of 363 and 385 HV (800 and 900 °C), a microhardness of 393 and 397 µHV, a density of 4.24 and 5.23 kg/m3, and resistance to corrosion in acids (weight gain + 0.002% after 24 h of testing according to ISO 16151 for a sample with 900 °C—the best result in comparison with steel 308, AA2024, CuA110Fe3Mn2). The hardness value varies due to the presence of pure metal agglomerates. The relationship between the temperature of spark plasma sintering and the characteristics of the material (material parameters improve with increasing temperature, segregation is reduced) is revealed

Synthesis of Hf-C-N ceramics by spark plasma sintering

We obtained the Sample by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of commercially available HfC and HfN powders. The identification of obtained material was carried out by the X-ray diffraction and the Raman spectroscopy. The solid solution of previous material was confirmed. However oxide phase excreted wile sintering presumably duo to oxygen impurities of used commercially powders

Synthesis of Hf-C-N ceramics by spark plasma sintering

We obtained the Sample by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of commercially available HfC and HfN powders. The identification of obtained material was carried out by the X-ray diffraction and the Raman spectroscopy. The solid solution of previous material was confirmed. However oxide phase excreted wile sintering presumably duo to oxygen impurities of used commercially powders

Morphological Characteristics of the Osteoplastic Potential of Synthetic CaSiO3/HAp Powder Biocomposite

The study describes the influence of synthetic CaSiO3/HAp powder biocomposite on the process of regeneration in osseous tissue in the alveolar ridges in terms of the morphological characteristics of the osteoplastic potential. The authors investigated the osteoinduction and osteoconduction “in vivo” processes during bone tissue regeneration in the mandible defect area of an experimental animal (rabbit). The possibility of angiogenesis in the graft as an adaptation factor was studied in the process of bone tissue regeneration. The results of the histological study that included the qualitative parameters of bone tissue regeneration, the morphometric parameters (microarchitectonics) of the bone, the parameters of osteosynthesis (thickness of the osteoid plates), and resorption (volume density of the eroded surface) were presented. The results allowed the authors to characterize the possibility of the practical adaptation for synthetic powder biocomposite as an osteoplastic graft for the rehabilitation of osseous defects in dentistry

A Study of the Wear Mechanism of Composites Modified with Silicate Filler

The article considers the effect of a filler based on synthetic wollastonite (CaSiO3), which is introduced into a polymer matrix made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, on the tribotechnical parameters of the produced polymer composite material. Behavioral features of composites after friction were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the introduction of wollastonite into the polymer matrix contributed to a reduction in the friction coefficient by 23% and the wear rate by four times. In the micrographs of the friction surfaces of the obtained composite, the formation of new secondary structures oriented along the friction direction, different from the initial polymer matrix, was revealed. The presence of wear products (oxidized polymer groups) and CaSiO3 on the friction surfaces was recorded by infrared spectroscopy. It was established that the synthesized CaSiO3 particles were deformed under the action of shear forces and participated in tribochemical processes

A Study of the Wear Mechanism of Composites Modified with Silicate Filler

The article considers the effect of a filler based on synthetic wollastonite (CaSiO3), which is introduced into a polymer matrix made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, on the tribotechnical parameters of the produced polymer composite material. Behavioral features of composites after friction were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the introduction of wollastonite into the polymer matrix contributed to a reduction in the friction coefficient by 23% and the wear rate by four times. In the micrographs of the friction surfaces of the obtained composite, the formation of new secondary structures oriented along the friction direction, different from the initial polymer matrix, was revealed. The presence of wear products (oxidized polymer groups) and CaSiO3 on the friction surfaces was recorded by infrared spectroscopy. It was established that the synthesized CaSiO3 particles were deformed under the action of shear forces and participated in tribochemical processes

Synthesis and Properties of Rubidium Salts of Phosphotungstic Acid

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of synthesis conditions on the properties of water-insoluble rubidium salts of phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Such heteropoly compounds have a wide range of applications, including in the field of electrocatalysts and solid electrolytes for various electrochemical devices. The acid salts of PTA with high activity of acid sites on the particle surface are of particular interest. It is known that the properties of water-insoluble PTA salts strongly depend on synthesis conditions, such as the ratio of reagents, temperature, concentrations, and other parameters. The work examines the influence of the ratio and concentration of reagents on the sizes of crystallites and agglomerates, specific surface area (SSA), porosity, water content, and ionic conductivity of the synthesized PTA salts. The SSA value of the obtained samples varied in the range of 84–123 m2 g−1, and the ionic conductivity was 13–90 mS cm−1 at room temperature and 75% RH. An increase in the acid concentration and the degree of proton substitution led to an increase in SSA, accompanied by an increase in particle sizes without changing the size of crystallites. The results of the work may be useful for the development of new materials based on the obtained salts in many fields, including hydrogen energy

Mesoporous Layered Double Hydroxides: Synthesis for High Effective Uranium Ions Sorption from Seawater and Salt Solutions on Nanocomposite Functional Materials

A series of sorption materials based on layered double hydroxides (Co-Fe LDH, Ni-Fe LDH, and Zn-Ti LDH) were obtained by a facile and environmentally friendly method of coprecipitation. A low particle size of no more than 10 µm was achieved. The use of transition metals makes it possible to obtain compounds that are mechanically and chemically stable in aggressive environments. XRD analysis revealed that the compounds have a highly organized crystalline structure. Using SEM, it was determined that Co-Fe LDH and Ni-Fe LDH had a loose, highly dispersed surface structure, while Zn-Ti LDH had a monolithic surface structure. U(VI) adsorption on the obtained materials in solutions containing Na2CO3, Na2SO4, KNO3, NaCl, K3PO4, and NaHCO3, was studied in batch mode. The degree of purification in the presence of these salts reached 99.9%, while the distribution coefficient Kd reached 105 mL/g. Sorption capacity qmax and equilibrium adsorption constants Kf and KL for U(VI) adsorption in batch mode (for 24 h) from distilled and seawater were determined using the Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The highest sorption capacity of 101.6 mg/g in seawater and 114.1 mg/g in distilled water was registered for Co-Fe-LDH. The presence of competing ions in seawater can reduce sorption efficiency by up to 40%. The provided research allowed us to conclude that the obtained materials, Co-Fe LDH, Ni-Fe LDH, and Zn-Ti LDH are promising for the sorption removal of U(VI) from aqueous media of medium salinity

Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺ Co-Doped Lu₃Al₅O₁₂ Single Crystals and Ceramics: A Comparative Study

Ce3+, Pr3+ co-doped Lu3Al5O12 (Ce, Pr:LuAG) single crystals and ceramics were prepared using the optical floating zone (OFZ) and reactive vacuum sintering methods, respectively. The microstructure, photo- (λex = 450 nm), and radio-luminescence (under X-ray excitation) performance, as well as scintillation light yield (LY, under γ-ray, 137Cs source) of both materials, were investigated and compared. Ce, Pr:LuAG ceramics had an in-line transmittance of approximately 20% in the visible light range, while the analogous crystals were more transparent (~65%). The X-ray excited luminescent (XEL) spectra showed the characteristic Ce 3+ and Pr3+ emissions located at 310 nm, 380 nm, and 510 nm. The highest LY of the Ce, Pr:LuAG ceramics reached 34,112 pho/MeV at 2 μs time gate, which is higher than that of a single crystal. The ratio of LY values (LY2/LY0.75) between shaping times of 0.75 μs and 2 μs indicated a faster scintillation decay of ceramics regarding single crystals. It was ascribed to the lower effective concentration of luminescent activators in single crystals because of the coefficient segregation effect