Venus halo - Photometric evidence for ice in the Venus clouds

Venus halo and photometric evidence for ice in Venus cloud

Optical properties of Apollo 12 moon samples

Optical measurements on Apollo 12 soil samples from lunar mare surface

The Influence of Topography on the Formation of Temporary Bright Patches on Mars

Influence of topography on formation of bright patches on Mar

Physical properties of the Apollo 12 lunar fines

Optical and radio frequency electrical properties and grain size analyses of Apollo 11 and 12 lunar soil sample

Mars - Visible and near infrared studies and the composition of the surface

Polarimetric, photometric, and spectrophotometric measurements of Mars, and visible and near infrared studies of Martian surface compositio

From Retinal Waves to Activity-Dependent Retinogeniculate Map Development

A neural model is described of how spontaneous retinal waves are formed in infant mammals, and how these waves organize activity-dependent development of a topographic map in the lateral geniculate nucleus, with connections from each eye segregated into separate anatomical layers. The model simulates the spontaneous behavior of starburst amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells during the production of retinal waves during the first few weeks of mammalian postnatal development. It proposes how excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms within individual cells, such as Ca2+-activated K+ channels, and cAMP currents and signaling cascades, can modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of waves, notably by controlling the after-hyperpolarization currents of starburst amacrine cells. Given the critical role of the geniculate map in the development of visual cortex, these results provide a foundation for analyzing the temporal dynamics whereby the visual cortex itself develops