The Relationship of Fundamental Movement Skills and Level of Physical Activity in Second Grade Children

Declines in physical activity (PA) and increases in obesity levels in children have prompted increasing interest in understanding children's PA behavior. The mastery of fundamental movement skills (FMS) is a potential correlate of the involvement of children's participation in PA as stated in the Surgeon General's Report (1996) and in the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model. This research study investigated the relationship between FMS and PA in second grade children. It is hypothesized that a positive moderate correlation exists between FMS and PA. Body mass index (BMI) was tested as a moderator of the relationship of FMS and PA. The study investigated the associations among total FMS, manipulative skills, locomotor skills, habitual PA, organized PA, sedentary behavior, and BMI for males and females. To assess FMS a process-oriented technique was used. Mann-Whitney and t-tests were used to test for gender differences and spearman correlations, and hierarchical regression analyses were used to test relationships. Gender differences were observed for total FMS, manipulative skills, and step count, therefore further analysis were conducted separately for males and females. The strength of the relationship of FMS and PA in second grade children in this study was gender and skill specific. Habitual PA was positively correlated with total FMS and manipulative skills for males. No significant correlations were found for females. The organized PA was positively correlated with total FMS for males and females and locomotor skills for females. BMI was not a moderator of the correlations of habitual PA and FMS. These results expanded previous research conducted with product-oriented FMS assessments in elementary school children. Results of this study are important for PE teachers and parents. Physical education and physical activity intervention programs must target motor skill development, especially the manipulative skills, which appears to be needed for increasing children's PA behavior

CONTEXTUAL INTERFERENCE: IS IT SUPPORTED ACROSS STUDIES?

This meta-analysis examined the influence of the task, environment and learners characteristics during motor skill learning situations for varying organizations of task presentations (Contextual Interference). Types of tasks (open and closed skills) were evaluated based upon settings (laboratory and real world) with diverse populations (gender, age groups, and level of expertise). The strength of the CI effect was investigated based on whether the skill variation was a variation of the same or different Generalized Motor Program (GMP). Effect sizes were calculated subtracting low (blocked) from high (random/serial) contextual interference schedules of practice during acquisition, retention and transfer phases. Seventy-five published studies were found in the literature search. A total of 309 effect sizes were computed from 51 studies. The overall treatment effect supported contextual interference for blocked and random comparisons but not for blocked and serial comparisons. Another important finding was that contextual interference is most strongly supported for variation in GMP than for variation in parameter when comparing blocked and random schedules of practice. Furthermore, similar effect sizes were demonstrated for ecologically valid and non-ecologically valid settings, reinforcing the applicability of contextual interference theory in teaching motor skills in real world situations. Effect size differences among varied levels of amounts of practice, internal validity, and knowledge of results were not significantly different but pointed to directions that are worth of discussion

Metabolic syndrome risk score and time expended in moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents

BACKGROUND: The clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors is inversely related to the amount of physical activity. However, the question remains as to how much daily physical activity is enough to prevent the onset of metabolic disorders in adolescents? Therefore, the objectives of this study were to associate the metabolic risk score with the moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to identify the amount of daily physical activity to prevent the onset of the metabolic risk factors in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: The study involved 391 participants aged 10 to 18 years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. The counts obtained in the different activities were transformed into metabolic equivalents and classified as light (≥ 1.5 but < 3.0 METs), moderate (≥ 3.0 but < 6.0 METs) and vigorous (≥ 6.0 METs) activities. The continuous risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated using the following risk factors: waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-C and triglycerides. RESULTS: Time spent in MVPA was inversely associated with the continuous risk score for metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). Analysis of the ROC curve suggests that these adolescents must perform at least 88 minutes per day of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reinforce previous evidence that physical activity relates to metabolic syndrome in adolescents. This population should be encouraged to gradually replace part of their sedentary time with physical activities

A magnitude do efeito da idade relativa no futsal

The objectives of this study were to verify the existence and magnitude of RAE in indoor soccer athletes by categories; to identify if the RAE associates with playing position; and to verify if there are differences in the EIR association with team´s rankings based on the last championship. The sample consisted of 978 brazilian indoor soccer players of the Under 15, Under 17 and Under 20 categories who participated, respectively, in the eighteenth (2011), seventh (2012) and thirtieth (2012) Brazil Futsal Cup; and the athletes of the Adult category of the Futsal League, 2011. At the end of the championship, the birthdate, categories, teams and positions of the players, and final classification at the tournament were collected in the individual report of each team. The athletes were distributed in quartiles based on their birthdates. The data analysis investigated the distributions of the observed and expected values through the Chi-square test with significance level of p<0.05, and in the multiple comparison analyzes using the Bonferroni correction with the level of significance of p<0.0083. Contingency Coefficient and Kruskall-Wallis test were also performed to investigate differences in RAE between the best and the worst ranked teams. The RAE is present in futsal athletes in general and in the Under 15, Under 17 and Adult categories. Moreover, the RAE was significantly associated with all playing positions with effect sizes ranging from small to medium. Finally, there were no significant differences between the best and worst ranked in the Under 15 and Adult categories. The RAE is observed in indoor soccer athletes in minor leagues and professional teams independent of the position of players or team’ rankin

Qualidade de vida: comparação entre sexos e índice de massa corporal em atletas do basquetebol master brasileiro

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a percepção de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde em relação ao sexo e índice de massa corporal em atletas do basquetebol master brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por 300 atletas com idade média de 49,59 ± 8,35 anos, que foram entrevistados para avaliação das características sociodemográficas e da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey – SF-36). O índice de massa corporal foi calculado após aferição do peso e da estatura. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados o Teste de Mann-Whitney e o Teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados evidenciaram que as mulheres apresentaram maiores escores de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde nos domínios físicos (Aspectos físicos, Estado Geral de Saúde, Vitalidade, e Componente Físico). Em contrapartida, os homens apresentaram melhor percepção nos domínios mentais (Saúde Mental e Componente Mental). Os atletas com peso normal apresentaram valores significativamente maiores quando comparados aos obesos na maioria dos domínios da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde, tanto físicos (Capacidade Funcional, Dor, Estado Geral de Saúde e Componente Físico) quanto mentais (Saúde Mental e Componente Mental). Como conclusão, o sexo e o índice de massa corporal estão associados com a percepção de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde dos atletas

Correlação entre comportamentos de risco à saúde, ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes

The objectives of the study were to describe the proportions of health risk behaviors, anxiety and depression in adolescents of a private school in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR. The study is descriptive and correlational in nature. The sample was composed of 112 students (secondary and middle school) with a mean age of 14.1 years (±2.0). They answered questions about sociodemographic information, level of physical activity (IPAQ-short version), tobacco and alcohol consumption (YRBSS), anxiety (SCARED) and depression (CDI). The final sample consisted of students from upper socioeconomic classes (95.5%), of which 66 were from primary school and 46 from high school, 53.6% female. There were high levels of insufficiency of physical activity (53.5%) and risk of anxiety (16.9%). Even higher proportions were observed in females for insufficiency of Physical Activity (65%) and risk of anxiety (26.7%). There were significant negative association between participation in moderate and vigorous physical activity and risk of anxiety for the total sample (r=-0.215, p=0.02), and for the secondary school students (r =-0.245, p=0.047). Adolescents with higher alcohol consumption portrayed significant positive association with risk of depression (r=0.245, p=0.006). Overall, adolescents with frequent alcohol consumption behavior have low levels of physical activity and high levels of anxiety. Interventions for the reduction of mental disorders should stimulate the increase in habitual physical activity levels, especially in females and reduction in the consumption of alcoholic beverages in males

Condições de saúde e variáveis sociodemográficas associadas à qualidade de vida em idosas de um programa de atividade física de Curitiba, Paraná, Sul do Brasil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e condições de saúde com os domínios da qualidade de vida em idosas participantes do programa Idoso em Movimento. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 1.806 idosas, que foram avaliadas por meio de entrevista para os potenciais correlatos de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD). O índice de massa corporal foi calculado após aferição do peso e da estatura. Os domínios da qualidade de vida foram classificados em tercis. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a regressão logística ordinal. Após ajustes para variáveis de confusão, a faixa etária, classe econômica, escolaridade, situação ocupacional e estado civil estiveram associados a alguns domínios da qualidade de vida (p < 0,05). Além disso, idosas obesas ou com problemas de saúde apresentaram menor razão de chance de estar nos escores mais elevados de qualidade de vida, e as idosas que usavam um ou dois medicamentos apresentaram maior razão de chance de estar nos escores mais elevados do domínio físico. Como conclusão, os fatores sociodemográficos e as condições de saúde estão associados com a qualidade de vida em idosas

Validação do Questionário Saúde Docente para o contexto brasileiro

O presente estudo apresenta a adaptação e validação transcultural do Questionário Saúde Docente (QSD) para o contexto brasileiro nas variáveis de bem-estar (satisfação e autoeficácia) e mal-estar (disfunções musculoesqueléticas, disfunções cognitivas, esgotamento e disfunções da voz). Foram realizadas distintas etapas para assegurar a qualidade da tradução e da adaptação do QSD no que se refere à equivalência semântica, idiomática, experiencial e conceitual entre os itens originais e traduzidos. A amostra final do estudo piloto foi constituída por 697 professores, sendo 168 do sexo masculino e 529 do feminino, com idades entre 18 e 52 anos, atuantes em 03 centros de Educação Infantil, 09 escolas do nível Ensino Fundamental de 1º ao 5º ano e 04 dos níveis Ensino Fundamental de 6º ao 9º ano e Ensino Médio. Para a análise da estabilidade temporal dos escores foi empregado o teste de Kappa e para a consistência interna das dimensões e da avaliação global do instrumento o teste de alfa de Cronbach, os quais apresentaram correlações satisfatórias. Como instrumento de medida, o questionário é considerado confiável para avaliar a saúde docente, além disso contém diretrizes para futuros estudos das variáveis associadas ao bem-estar e mal-estar de professores brasileiros

Health risk behaviors in teenagers according to gender, age and socioeconomic status

Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive school-based study. Study objetive: To identify the isolated and simultaneous proportions of Health Risk Behaviors (HRB) of adolescents from public schools in the city of Curitiba-PR independently of gender, age and economic status. Methodology: The entire sample consisted of 996 secondary and high school students who concluded the study requirements. Gender, age and socioeconomic status were determined by a demographic questionnaire. The Portuguese version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the Simplified Questionnaire for Food Consumption Assessment Related to Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents, the Sedentary Activities Questionnaire for Adolescents and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) computed the risk behavior variables. Differences between groups was determined by Chi-square tests with critical value of p&lt;0.05. Results: High proportions of risk behaviors were observed for experimentation (41.5%) and excessive alcohol consumption (28.2%), excessive consumption of foods high in cholesterol (41.6%), excessive screen time (58.5%) and insufficient levels of physical activity (54.9%). From the entire sample, 86.5% presented at least one HRB, 50.75% were classified with 2 or more HRB and 25% had at least 3 HRB. Conclusions: Excessive alcohol consumption, excessive screen time and insufficient physical activity are risk behaviors widely incorporated in the adolescent lifestyle, particularly on those over 14-yearsold. On the other hand, poor diet is a behavior more prevalent in younger adolescents. Boys report more excessive screen time than girls, while females tend to report higher levels of insufficient physical activity. Regardless of gender and economic status, adolescents above 14 years of age presented higher proportions of simultaneous HRBModelo do Estudo: Estudo de base escolar com caráter transversal descritivo. Objetivo do Estudo: Identificar a proporção de Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde (CRS) de forma individual e agregada em adolescentes do ensino público da cidade de Curitiba-PR, em função do gênero, faixa etária e do nível socioeconômico. Metodologia: Em amostra composta por 996 adolescentes, gênero, faixa etária e nível socioeconômico foram determinados através de questionário sociodemográfico. As variáveis de comportamentos de risco foram determinadas pela versão em português do Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Questionário Simplificado para a Avaliação do Consumo Alimentar Relacionado ao Risco Cardiovascular em Adolescentes, Questionário de Atividades Sedentárias para Adolescentes e Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ -versão curta). O teste de Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para a comparação entre os grupos adotando p&lt;0,05. Resultados: Foram observadas altas proporções de experimentação (41,5%) e consumo excessivo de álcool (28,2%), consumo excessivo de alimentos com alto teor de colesterol (41,6%), tempo de tela excessivo (58,5%) e níveis insuficientes de atividade física (54,9%). Dos participantes do estudo, 86,5% apresentaram ao menos 1 CRS, 50,75% foram classificados com 2 ou mais CRS e 25% apresentaram ao menos 3 CRS. Conclusões: Proporções elevadas de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, tempo de tela excessivo e atividade física insuficiente estão presentes na população adolescente, principalmente nos mais velhos, enquanto que a alimentação inadequada é um comportamento com maior prevalência nos mais jovens. Rapazes reportam mais tempo excessivo de tela enquanto moças apresentam níveis maiores de atividade física insuficiente. Independente do gênero e nível socioeconômico, adolescentes acima de 14 anos apresentaram proporções mais elevadas de agregação de CR