A modified predictive model for estimating gas flow rate in horizontal drain hole

Accurate prediction of the flow rate of horizontal gas well is necessary for economic feasibility, planning and development of gas field. Most of the early models assumed that the production from the horizontal well is infinitely conductive except few recent models. Some recent models reported in the literature for estimating flow rate in horizontal well where the pressure losses due to friction along horizontal drain hole was considered. An improved model that checks the impact of all possible well bore pressure losses on gas production rate of horizontal well is reported. The neglected impact of well bore pressure losses due to fluid accumulation and kinetic energy in the past models is thought to be a conceivable reason for the inconsistency between computed rates from the models and rates got from production tests. The new model was validated using the same field contextual investigation utilized by Guo et al. and outcome got from the new model yields more satisfactory results. A more realistic results that evident all flow phenomena in gas well include the initial unsteady, pseudo-steady and steady state flow condition hence flow rate at any given production time has been established for flow of gas along horizontal well. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that the percentage deviation of the new model at steady state flow condition is less than 5.0% compared with 11.05% acquired from Guo et al. model following by 259.7% from Furui's model, and 1118.2% got from Joshi's model. This work gives field operators a precise and helpful device for prediction and assessment of production in a gas horizontal well

The use of bio-diesel based additive as rheology improver and pour point depressant of Nigerian waxy crud

The chemical method has proved to be the most effective mitigating method of wax deposition in petroleum system as it deals with the root cause of wax formation. Most of the commercial chemicals in the industry are very expensive and toxic. This paper aims the use of biodiesel based additives for improving the rheological behavior and pour points of waxy crude from Nigeria field. The biodiesels derived additives gave better performance than the commercial chemical and the seed oils as greatly improvement in rheology and pour point values of the waxy crude were observe

SUITABILITY OF JATROPHA OIL AS SURFACTANT IN STEAM ASSISTED RECOVERY OF NIGERIA BITUMEN.

More ways to improve the normal high rates of steam assisted bitumen recovery techniques such as SAGD (Steam assisted gravity drainage) and CSS (Cyclic steam simulation) have been studied for some years now, and It has been discovered that the addition of surfactants on ore or injecting it with steam has recovered more bitumen than the injection of the typical steam, but due to the cost and reduction in availability of petro surfactants feed stock and the food competition created by using an edible feedstock for biodiesel surfactant there is need for the use of an alternative feedstock for biodiesel surfactants. In this project, the focus is on the use of jatropha oil (a non‐edible feedstock) for biodiesel surfactant production was proposed. The paper features series of experiments that were carried out to compare the strength of extraction of bitumen from tar sands using steam from water and steam or vapor from biodiesel (jatropha biodiesel) water mixture after spraying the core with biodiesel and finally toluene. The core was modified from the tar sand gotten from Imeri village in the southwestern part of Nigeria. The samples treated with biodiesel had better and improved recovery than the one with just steam from water, while toluene gives the over‐all best recovery. Copyright of Petroleum & Coal is the property of Slovnaft VURUP a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract

A Realistic Model for Estimating Productivity Index of Vertical Well Using Wellhead Data

Productivity index calculation has been an established tool for formulating inflow performance relationship in petroleum production engineering field. The accuracy in its prediction is highly desirable to petroleum industry to predict the well production efficiency and aid in economic analysis of the well. Inability to accurately model and predict flowing bottom-hole pressure in a well may result in erotic value of productivity index of a well. This paper present an improved model for estimating flowing bottom-hole pressure and analyse its effect on productivity index value of a vertical well without ignoring any pressure resisting terms in the governing thermodynamic equation. Satisfactory pressure differential and productivity index results were obtained at any location in the wellbore, at all time and at both steady and unsteady state period using the newly developed model. Generally the flow phenomenon after shut in requires sufficient time to stabilise or advance to pseudo steady or steady state condition has been demonstrated by this study compared with the existing models that stabilised throughout the flowing period. This study also proves that inaccuracy in the results of existing models were not only caused by the effect of pressure restriction due to friction as opined by Guo et al but may have due to oversight of all pressure restriction term in the fundamental governing equation of flowing fluid in a vertical wellbore

Modeling the effect of entrained sand particles on pressure transverse in a flowing gas well

Purpose The production of natural gas from the reservoir is always associated with entrained solid particle of different sizes mainly sand particles and crystalline salts. Entrained solid transport along the gas phase has been a great concern for gas production engineer, as the detrimental consequences are often associated to a desirable high operational parameters such rate and pressure transverse in producing well. Design/methodology/approach A variety of models for predicting pressure transverse in flowing gas wells have been reported in the literatures. Most of the models were based on steady state fluid flow equation that did not consider time factor which results in inaccurate at early production time. Some of the early investigators overlooked the effect of the entrained solid on the pressure transverse phenomena in a gas well. Hence, there is a need for developing a more realistic model for estimating pressure transverse at all times in flowing solid-gas vertical well. Findings This study presents equation for pressure drop in flowing vertical well without neglecting any term in the momentum equation by the inclusion of accumulation and kinetic term. The solution of the resulting differential equation gives functional relationship between solid-gas flow rates and pressure at any point in flowing well at any given production time

Effect of Manure Application on Herbage Yield, Nutritive Value and Performance of Wad Sheep Fed Panicum maximum

Effect of types of manure on herbage yield, nutritive value and performance of WAD Sheep fed native Panicum maximum was investigated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with each plot replicated thrice. Poultry manure and sheep - goat manure were applied through broadcasting to an established Panicum maximum stand to supply 200kgN/ha and 0kgN/ha (control). Grass herbage harvested from experiment plot were fed as sole diets to West African dwarf sheep to determine feed intake (g/h/d), nutrient digestibility (%) and weight gain (g/h/d). Results showed that Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher values for biomass yield, number of tillers, tiller height, leaf length and leaf width. The chemical composition of Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher CP and GE compared to sheep-goat manure. Similar trend of result was observed on mineral composition of Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher values for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu compared to sheep-goat manure. The feed intake (g/h/d), nutrient digestibility (%) and weight gain of the animals fed Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced higher values compared to its counterpart. It was concluded based on data obtained from this study that poultry manure application will promote higher yield and nutritive value for the Panicum maximum. Animals fed with this as sole diet and as short feeding regime experienced high weight gain. Keywords: Poultry manure, sheep - goat manure, herbage yield, Panicum maximum, WAD Shee

Dataset on investigatingnthe effect of sunflower based biodiesel on the rheology of Nigeria waxy crude oil

This paperpresentsinformationaboutthedataobtainedfromthe experimentalresearchshowingtheeffectofsunflowerbased biodiesel onrheologicalpropertiesofNigeriawaxycrudeoil.The information reportedinthedatasetdepicts0.1–0.7% dosingcon- centration ofsunflowerbasedbiodieselmightberequiredfor viscosity reductionofNigeriawaxycrudeoilatoperationaltem- peraturesrangingfrom10 °C (atlowtemperatureregion)to60 °C (at midtemperatureregion).Ithasalsodemonstratedthatbio- diesel derivedfromsunfloweristechnicallyviabletodecreasethe viscosity ofNigeriawaxycrudeoilappreciably,hencerevealingits potentialcapacitytoenhancing flow oftheoilinpipelineand wellboresyste

An Improved Model for Estimating Productivity of Horizontal Drain Hole

Horizontal wells have become a popular alternative for the development of hydrocarbon fields around the world because of their high flow efficiency caused by a larger contact area made with the reservoir. Most of the analytical model existing in the literature on horizontal productivity either assumed that the well is infinitely conductive or the flow is uniform along the entire well length. Guo et al (2007) formulation is one the most recent and accurate models reported in the literatures for predicting production rate in horizontal well considering the frictional pressure drop along long horizontal drain hole. In this paper, an improved predictive model that takes into account the effect of other possible wellbore pressure losses on production rate variation of long horizontal well was developed. Results show that the discrepancies in the predictions of the previous models and field results were not only due to effect of friction pressure losses as opined by previous authors but may also be due to loss due to fluid accumulation experienced by the flowing fluid in a conduit. The effect is most pronounced at the early production time where initial transience at the onset of flow is experienced. The improved model was applied to the same field case study used by Guo et al and results is much more accurate and show that the error of the new model is less than 4% compared to 20% reported by Guo et al. This work provides reservoir engineers an accurate and handy tool for prediction and evaluation of horizontal wells

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A LOW-COST CENTRIFUGAL HONEY EXTRACTOR

The traditional and screw press techniques were adopted and utilized extensively by Nigerian honey producers and these have led to the absence of a good quality and timely produced honey devoid of foreign materials and marketable by international standard. Ample information from literature survey showed that the Langstroth hive which is beyond the reach of common Nigerian bee farmer due to its high cost. A 750 W indigenous centrifugal honey extractor was developed using locally sourced materials.. The machine was tested at extraction speed levels of 272, 287, 351, 1445, 1730, 2300 and 2575 rpm. Quantifiable extractions were obtained at all speed levels except at a speed of 2575 rpm where a vicious crushed extract of honey and comb was observed. High speed extraction was not favorable as it resulted in the destruction of the honey comb. Honey extracted at the two lower speeds of 272 and 287 rpm were found to be purer with less foreign materials and of high quality.  This indigenous centrifugal honey extractor is also favorable for extraction of honey from other types of hives apart from the Langstroth hive and is marketable