35 research outputs found

    Retrospective occurrence and risk factors associated with cattle parasitic infections in Osun State, Nigeria

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    Parasitism is one of the major constraints for profitable dairy and beef industry in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria. Data was obtained from cattle diagnosed and treated for parasitic diseases at the major Veterinary clinics in Osun State between January 2006 and December 2016. A total of 393 cattle were treated for different parasitic diseases. Of the 393 cattle infected, 265 (67.4%) were White Fulani, 60 (15.3%) Sokoto Gudali, 42 (10.7%) Red Bororo and 26 (6.6%) Keteku breeds. Two hundred and forty two (61.6%) were young cattle while 151 (38.4%) were adult cattle. Male cattle were 146 (37.2%) of the total number, while 247 (62.8%) were female. Two hundred and ninety six (75.3%) and 97 (24.7%) cases occurred during the dry and wet seasons respectively. Helminthoses 235 (59.8%), babesiosis 6 (1.5%), trypanosomiasis 306 (77.9%), tick infestation 18 (4.6%) and mange 20 (5.1%) were the parasitic diseases diagnosed, with trypanosomiasis and helminthoses having the highest occurrence. Most cases of parasitic diseases (345/393; 87.8%) were recorded between 2006 and 2008. Three hundred and twenty (81.4%) cases were recorded in January, July and August. From the data obtained, breeds of cattle, age, sex and season were statistically associated (p<0.05) with parasitic diseases. Two hundred and seven (52.7%) of the cattle were infected with single, while 186 (47.3%) were infected with two parasites, and the difference was not significant (p>0.05). There was a significant association (p<0.05) between breeds of cattle, age, sex and seasons with the prevalence of cattle co-infected with parasites. There was a correlation between babesiosis and tick infestation. These findings showed that cattle parasitic infections are endemic in Osun State.Keywords: Cattle, Osun State, Parasitic Diseases, Occurrenc

    A retrospective evaluation of parasitic conditions and their associated risk factors in sheep and goats in Osun state, Nigeria

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    Parasitism in small ruminants remains a great threat to the advancement of the livestock industry in most tropical countries. This study is aimed at appending and updating current literature on prevalence of parasitic diseases of small ruminants (sheep and goat) prevalent in Osun state, southwest Nigeria. A ten- year data (2006–2015) involving 321 sheep and 1,210 goats was analysed. Helminthoses (78.8% in sheep; 52.9% in goats) and mange (18.4% in sheep; 49.6% in goats) were the most prevalent parasitic diseases affecting sheep and goats and they occurred all the year round. Other parasitic diseases diagnosed during this period were babesiosis, tick infestation, myiasis, lice infestation, flea infestation, anaplasmosis, coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis. It was observed that age and sex were associated with parasitic diseases in sheep, while it was age and seasons in goats. This study shows that parasitic diseases are common among small ruminants in the state.Keywords: Goats, Osun state, Parasitic diseases, Retrospective study, Shee

    Investigations on the Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors of Avian Coccidiosis in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria

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    Avian coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases of poultry and it is responsible for a large number of poultry mortalities worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence and associated risk factors of avian coccidiosis in Osun State, Nigeria. Fecal samples were collected and examined from 5,544 avian species that were brought for treatment at the state veterinary hospitals over a 10-year period. Parameters such as age, sex, season, and species of birds were determined. Also, the months of the year were taken into consideration. Overall prevalence of 41.3% was recorded. The year specific rate for avian coccidiosis was highest in 2007 (97.9%) and lowest in 2006 (0.4%), while the month-specific rate was highest in November (85.7%) and lowest in July 2006 (13.3%). There was a significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence in young birds compared to adults, in males compared to females, and during the wet season compared to the dry season. Broilers (99.8%) and cockerels (81.0%) were the bird types with the highest prevalence rate. The high prevalence of avian coccidiosis in the study area shows that the disease is endemic and there is need to embark on a radical preventive measure to curtail the disease

    Detection, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria

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    Cryptosporidium species cause high morbidity and sometimes high mortality rates among cattle, resulting in serious economic threats. This present study is aimed at investigating the presence, prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium species infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. To achieve this, 333 apparently healthy cattle were sampled from abattoirs and different cattle herds over a one-year period. Faecal samples were collected and subjected to the formalin-ethyl acetate (formol-ether) sedimentation technique. Sediments from the formol-ether sedimentation method were used for the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The Microsoft Excel (2016) spreadsheet and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA) for Windows version 22.0 were used for the data analysis. Of the cattle sampled, 99 were positive for the enteric protozoan (29.73%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.07–34.85). There was no distinct pattern in the monthly prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle. Breeds of cattle, physiological status, and seasons were statistically associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle. There is a need to educate pastoralists on the control and preventive measures of this enteric protozoan to improve the economy of the cattle industry and prevent possible transmission to humans in Kwara State and Nigeria in general.

    Epidemiology of Avian Ectoparasitic Infestations Diagnosed in Osun State Veterinary Hospitals, Southwest Nigeria

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    Ectoparasitism is the most devastating parasitic condition of poultry after coccidiosis. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with avian ectoparasitism in Osun State, Nigeria. Data was obtained from avian species presented at the major Veterinary Hospitals in Osun State between January 2006 and December 2015. A total of 4,584 avian species were presented in the period under review. Of the presented birds, 2,665 (58.14%) were young while 1,919 (41.86%) were adults. One thousand nine hundred and ninety four (43.50%) were male and 2,590 (56.50%) were female. More birds (2,868, 62.57%) were presented during the wet season compared to the dry season (1,716, 37.43%). Turkeys 2,088 (45.55%) were the most frequently presented bird type followed by layers 1,476 (32.20%) and local chickens 1,020 (22.25%). A total of 324 (7.07%) avian species was diagnosed for ectoparasitic infestations of which lice infestation was the most prevalent (216, 4.71%) followed by flea infestation (72, 1.57%), tick infestation (24, 0.52%) and mite infestation (12, 0.26%). There was no defined pattern in the yearly and monthly prevalence of ectoparasite infestations. Age, sex, seasons and species were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestations. This study showed a low prevalence of ectoparasite infestations among avian species in the study area; however strategic measures should be taken to control these ectoparasites in Osun State, Nigeria, so as to maximize productivity in the poultry sector

    Gastrointestinal parasites of horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) and risk factors associated with equine coccidiosis in Kwara and Niger States, Nigeria

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    About two-third of the parasitic infections in animals are believed to occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Coccidiosis is an important disease of horses and it is responsible for a great economic setback worldwide. This study was designed to determine the species diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of horses and the risk factors associated with Eimeria infections in horses in Kwara and Niger States, North Central Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected from 105 horses in Kwara and Niger States. Simple floatation and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques were used as diagnostic techniques. An overall prevalence of 62.86% (66/105) was recorded. Eleven gastrointestinal parasites comprising of 7 nematodes, 2 trematodes, 1 protozoan and 1 cestode were detected. Strongylus spp. (33.33%; 35/105) and Eimeria spp. (28.57%; 30/105) were the most prevalent. Fortysix (43.81%) of the sampled population had multiple gastrointestinal parasites infection. Body condition score, presence/ absence of diarrhoea and horse ownership were significantly association with the occurrence of Eimeria infection. This appears to be the first report on gastrointestinal parasites of horses in Kwara and Niger States of Nigeria. The high prevalence reported in this study calls for horse owners to improve on the veterinary medical attention given to their horses as gastrointestinal parasitism is a major cause of economic loss in equine husbandry. The curtailing of gastrointestinal parasitism will improve production, reproduction and performance of horses in the study areas.Keywords: Eimeria spp.; Gastrointestinal parasites; Horses; North Central Nigeria; Risk factor

    Epidemiology and risk factors associated with Anaplasma marginale infection of cattle in Peninsular Malaysia

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    Bovine anaplasmosis is a major concern to cattle farming in most parts of the world. Anaplasmosis negatively impacts the profitability of cattle farming by reducing the production, reproduction, and draft ability of cattle. Here, we report results from a one-year cross sectional study to determine the epidemiology and the risk factors for Anaplasma marginale infection of cattle in Peninsular Malaysia. Examination of one thousand and forty five blood samples of apparently healthy cattle from forty-three farms in all the states of Peninsular Malaysia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed an overall prevalence of A. marginale infection of cattle of 72.6%, showing high endemicity of this heamoprotozoan among cattle in the country. Cattle breeds, production type, herd owner, herd size, management system, farm size, farm age, prophylactic treatment against blood parasites, presence of ticks, frequency of deticking, zones, closeness to forest, closeness to waste area, closeness to human settlement and closeness to body of water were the risk factors significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the detection of A. marginale in cattle. Results of this first molecular study on the epidemiology and risk factors for A. marginale infection of cattle from all the states of Peninsular Malaysia suggest policies and strategies for the prevention and control of the parasite to improve profitability of cattle farming in the country

    Molecular detection and epidemiological risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Peninsular Malaysia

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    Enteric protozoa infection among cattle may pose a threat to productivity and survival leading to negative impacts on the livestock industry. A number of these pathogens are also known to be zoonotic and are of public health concern. Despite the importance of these enteric protozoa to both animal and human health, there remains a paucity of published information on the epidemiological risk factors that may be associated with bovine cryptosporidiosis in Southeast Asia. The present study was undertaken to determine the molecular prevalence and associated risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection among beef and dairy cattle in Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected from 824 cattle in 39 farms (526 beef and 298 dairy) situated in 33 locations throughout the country, and subjected to PCR detection for Cryptosporidium using primers targeting the 18S SSUrRNA gene. Epidemiological variables including host, environment and management factors were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine the potential risk factors for infection. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium among the cattle was 12.5%, with significant difference in the infection rate among the various breeds. There was no significant effect of gender, and both the beef and dairy cattle were at similar odds for infection. The younger cattle had a significantly higher infection rate compared to the older animals. Multivariate analysis revealed that deworming practice, distance to human settlement, geographical location (zone) and farm management system were significant risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. The cattle that were reared on farms located in the northeast of the country, closest (≤200 m) to human settlements, reared extensively, and dewormed every four months were at highest risk of infection. The present study constitutes the first attempt to analyze the multivariable epidemiological risk factors involved in bovine cryptosporidiosis in Malaysia and in Southeast Asia. It is envisaged that the data obtained will facilitate better control and prevention measures for Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in the region. Due to the potential zoonotic nature of the infection, serious steps should be instituted for animal treatment and biohazard waste management on local cattle farms

    Prevalence, risk factors and parasitic diseases co-infection of pigs in Osun State, south-west Nigeria, 2006-2015

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    Parasitic diseases are the most devastating diseases of pigs in the tropics after African swine fever. It causes a significant economic setback to the swine industry in Africa and Nigeria. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence, associated risk factors and parasitic diseases co-infections of pigs over a ten year (2006 - 2015) period. A retrospective study on parasitic diseases of pigs was conducted in Osun state, Nigeria. Records from the four major veterinary clinics in the state were used for the study. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyse the Chi square (χ2) test and its odd ratios, while graphs were drawn using Microsoft Excel, 2010. Mange, helminthoses, lice infestation, tick infestation, eperythrozoonosis and babesiosis were the parasitic diseases diagnosed in pigs during the period under review. Mange (296/875; 33.83 %) was the most prevalent and babesiosis (4/875; 0.46 %) the least prevalent parasitic disease. There was no defined pattern in the yearly and monthly prevalence of parasitic diseases. Season of the year was the risk factor significantly associated (p&lt;0.05) with the prevalence of mange and helminthoses. There was a strong correlation in the co-infection of tick infestation with babesiosis; and lice infestation with eperythrozoonosis. This study showed that parasitism is a major disease condition affecting pigs in Osun state and so there is a great need for increased input in terms of sanitary practices, prevention and control measures against these diseases so as to improve productivity in the swine industry of the state and country.Keywords: helminthoses, mange, Nigeria, Osun state, parasitic diseases, pig
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