Atmospheric Neutrino Flux Measurement

The atmospheric neutrino flux has been measured by several experiments and its understanding has been improved by comparing with the theoretical predictions in detail. In this paper recent results of the flux measurements will be reviewed and discussed

Highlights from Super-Kamiokande

Recent results from Super-Kamiokande experiment are reviewed in this paper; Neutrino mass hierarchy and CP violation in the lepton sector are investigated via νμ → νe oscillation of the atmospheric neutrinos. The event rate, correlation with solar activity, energy spectrum of the solar neutrinos are measured via electron elastic scattering interactions. Neutrino emission from the WIMP annihilation at the center of the Sun are searched in the GeV energy regions. New project, SK-Gd project, to enhance anti-neutrino identification capability, has been approved inside the collaboration group

ス-パ-カミオカンデにおける大気ニュ-トリノの観測及びニュ-トリノ振動解析

University of Tokyo (東京大学

A Case of Isolated Cecal Necrosis Preoperatively Diagnosed with Perforation of Cecum

Isolated cecal necrosis (ICN) is a rare condition which is developed under decreased mesenteric perfusion. Only a few dozen cases of ICN have been reported previously. The patient was a 59-year-old male with a previous history of atrial fibrillation. He presented to our emergency room with the chief complaint of lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography imaging revealed a dilated cecum and presence of free air. With a preoperative diagnosis of perforation of the cecum; an urgent surgery was conducted. Intraoperative findings revealed an ischemic change of the cecum and a laparoscopic-assisted ileocecal resection was performed. The pathological findings showed transmural ischemic change on the anti-mesenteric side of the cecum, and the diagnosis of ICN was achieved. Preoperative diagnosis of ICN is difficult because of its non-specific radiological features. In patients with right lower abdominal pain, ICN should be considered as a differential diagnosis especially if the patient has a comorbidity causing hypotension attack

Torsion of Atypical Meckel’s Diverticulum Treated by Laparoscopic-Assisted Surgery

Introduction. Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the intestine, with an incidence of 2~4%. Of those, only 2% of patients with MD are symptomatic. Torsion of MD is extremely rare, and only a dozen cases have been previously reported. Case Report. The patient was a 49-year-old male who presented to our emergency room with a chief complaint of lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography imaging revealed an irregular polycystic mass connected to the small intestine that measured 7.5 cm in a diameter. A laparoscopic-assisted partial resection of the jejunum was performed. The lesion was found to have caused torsion and was located 130 cm from the ileocecal valve. The specimen was polycystic in appearance and showed communicating links with the submucosal layer of jejunum but not with the lumen. The pathological diagnosis was a torsion of an atypical presentation of MD. Conclusion. This case was different from typical cases of MD in that it was located on significantly oral side and had the appearance of polycystic morphology

Are Preoperative CT Findings Useful for Predicting Postoperative Intraabdominal Abscess in the Patients with Acute Appendicitis?

Background and objective: In patients with acute appendicitis (AA), preoperative computed tomography (CT) findings suggesting development of intraabdominal abscess (IAA) had not been widely used. The aim of this study was to investigate the preoperative clinical and radiological factors that predict the development of a postoperative IAA in patients with AA who were treated by laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Methods: Two hundred and sixteen patients with pathologically proven AA underwent LA between January 2013 and March 2018 in our department. Medical records and preoperative CT images of these 216 patients were retrospectively reviewed and the predictive factors of postoperative IAA were investigated. In addition, patients were divided into complicated appendicitis (CA) and simple appendicitis (SA) and perioperative factors of two groups were compared. Results: One hundred and forty-seven patients were diagnosed with CA, while the other 69 patients were diagnosed with SA. Sixteen patients developed postoperative IAA in the CA group, while no patients in the SA group did. The univariate analysis revealed that time from onset to surgery more than 3 days (p = 0.011), the preoperative CT finding of periappendiceal fluid (p = 0.003), abscess (p < 0.001), and free air (p < 0.001), operation time more than 120 min (p = 0.023) and placement of a drainage tube (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the development of IAA. Multivariate analysis revealed that the preoperative CT finding of free air was independently associated with the development of IAA (p = 0.007, odds ratio = 5.427, 95% CI: 1.586–18.57). Conclusions: IAA developed predominantly in patients with CA. Preoperative CT findings of free air was found to be an independent predictor for the development of IAA. Surgeons should be meticulous in managing the postoperative course of patients with this finding