OPTIMAL DESIGN AND STRESS/STRAIN ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADE FOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE IN ENERGY GENERATION VIA SIMULATION APPROACH

The blade is a significant part of a wind turbine, due to its role in the conversion process of the wind energy into mechanical energy. The blade during operation is being acted upon by different forces and pressures on high humidity, which gives rise to a high rate of failure of the blade. There is a great need to study these forces and constraints on the design shape of the material blade via a simulation approach. This research focusses on the optimal design and stress/strain analysis of a wind turbine blade for sustainable power generation. This is to enable the manufacturer and end-users of the wind turbine blade to understand how the blade material withstand the forces and pressures acting on the blade during operation in the form of displacement, stress, and strain in high humidity. The design and simulation software employed in this study is Solid Works Visualize 2018. The wind turbine blade is made of AL6061 alloy material. The blade is simulated under two forces, 1 N and 5 N, with the pressure at zero degree. The result from this analysis shows the maximum stress that causes the blade to experience failure during operation, and this failure occurs at 285.377 N/m^2 and 1426.83 N/m^2, respectively. The result from the simulation analysis shows the specific area were the deformation process, and possible failure will occur on the blades. This paper also gives reasonable suggestion for reinforcement of the wind blade during the maintainer's section, which can be applied to achieve optimum performance of the wind turbine blade

Emission Comparison of Air-Fuel Mixtures for Pure Gasoline and Bioethanol Fuel Blend (E20) Combustion on Sparking-Ignition Engine

This study analyses and compared the exhaust gas emission of two different airfuel mixture, Pure Gasoline and Bioethanol Fuel blend (E10 and E20), in a spark-ignition (S.I.) engine. Proximate and ultimate analyses of pure gasoline and bioethanol blend were carried out for their respective percentage (%) elemental composition for each fuel (i.e., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, metals, and water). The analysis reveals that pure gasoline has high carbon (C) content of 86%, and bioethanol has a carbon content of 52.2%. Oxygen content stands at 33-35% and was carried out at varying load conditions. To ascertain their CO., CO2, HC., NO, lambda, and the calorific values of exhaust emission. The result clearly shows that bioethanol's calorific value is lower than that of gasoline, which gives a remarkable increase in mechanical efficiency, which was attributed to an increase in the oxygen content in bioethanol, ethanol blend during combustion gives an airfuel mixture lean in an unmodified engine. Hence the mixture strength (charge) burns more rapidly. Bioethanol blends in gasoline engines reduce CO. emissions, unlike gasoline, which gave higher CO emissions. The gas emission test was conducted on E10, and E20.and effective combustion was determined and completed much earlier in the expansion stroke, thereby decreasing the probability of CO emissions due to flame quenching. At the end of the investigation, it was found that bioethanol blend reduces CO and HC in exhaust stroke by 40% and gives a higher compression ratio (high speed) thus, causes a decrease in CO2 NOX. E20 for both idle and high speed recorded a remarkable reduction in comparison. Therefore, bioethanol fuel blends in gasoline engines are recommended as mitigation against the greenhouse gas effec

Emission Comparison of Air-Fuel Mixtures for Pure Gasoline and Bioethanol Fuel Blend (E20) Combustion on Sparking-Ignition Engine

This study analyses and compared the exhaust gas emission of two different airfuel mixture, Pure Gasoline and Bioethanol Fuel blend (E10 and E20), in a spark-ignition (S.I.) engine. Proximate and ultimate analyses of pure gasoline and bioethanol blend were carried out for their respective percentage (%) elemental composition for each fuel (i.e., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, metals, and water). The analysis reveals that pure gasoline has high carbon (C) content of 86%, and bioethanol has a carbon content of 52.2%. Oxygen content stands at 33-35% and was carried out at varying load conditions. To ascertain their CO., CO2, HC., NO, lambda, and the calorific values of exhaust emission. The result clearly shows that bioethanol's calorific value is lower than that of gasoline, which gives a remarkable increase in mechanical efficiency, which was attributed to an increase in the oxygen content in bioethanol, ethanol blend during combustion gives an airfuel mixture lean in an unmodified engine. Hence the mixture strength (charge) burns more rapidly. Bioethanol blends in gasoline engines reduce CO. emissions, unlike gasoline, which gave higher CO emissions. The gas emission test was conducted on E10, and E20.and effective combustion was determined and completed much earlier in the expansion stroke, thereby decreasing the probability of CO emissions due to flame quenching. At the end of the investigation, it was found that bioethanol blend reduces CO and HC in exhaust stroke by 40% and gives a higher compression ratio (high speed) thus, causes a decrease in CO2 NOX. E20 for both idle and high speed recorded a remarkable reduction in comparison. Therefore, bioethanol fuel blends in gasoline engines are recommended as mitigation against the greenhouse gas effec

The Effect of Evaporative Cooling System on the Storage of Citrus (Sweet Orange)

Postharvest losses have been a very perpetual challenge facing the agricultural industries as most produce gets spoilt after harvest owing to poor postharvest handlings. Several attempts have been made to eliminate this challenge ranging from transportation, packaging, and storage. The panacea to this problem is still much work in progress. However, a developed cooler with a cooling efficiency of 86.01% which was immensely able to salvage the rapid deterioration challenge of fruits as ascertained through seven days of concurrent storage of sweet oranges in a cooler and ambient. The result shows that the cooler successfully improved the shelf life of the stored produce with about 4% weight loss of the stored citrus compared to the 9% weight loss of the ambient storage

Experimental data-set for prediction of tool wear during turning of Al-1061 alloy by high speed steel cutting tools

In this investigation, the dataset presented will give important information to understand the area of cutting tool wear during turning operations, tool nature is the most difficult tasks in manufacturing process, particularly in the locomotive industry. With the view to optimize the cutting parameters, the tests were carried out to investigate tool wear on high speed steel (HSS) during turning operation of aluminium 1061 alloy and to developed mathematical models using least squares method. The cutting parameters chosen for this investigation are cutting speed, feed rate, and radial depth of cut were used as input parameters in order to predict tool wear. The experiment was designed by using full factorial 33 in which 27 samples were run in a Fanuc 0i TC CNC lathe. After each test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to measure the cutting tool in other to determine the tool wear. Keywords: Tool wear, Turn operation, Aluminium 1061 alloy, High speed stee

Stability Analysis of Model Regenerative Chatter of Milling Process Using First Order Least Square Full Discretization Method

Regenerative chatter is an instability phenomenon in machining operation that must be avoided if high accuracy and greater surface finish is to be achieved. It comes with its own consequences such as poor surface finish, low accuracy, excessive noise, tool wear and low material removal rate (MRR). In this paper, an analytical method base on first order least square approximation full-discretization method is use for the stability analysis on the plane of axial depth and radial depths of cut. A detail computational algorithm has been developed for the purpose of delineating stability lobe diagram into stable and unstable regions using mathematical models. These algorithms enabled the performance of sensitivity analysis. From the results axial depth of cut enhances the unstable region and suppresses the stable region. This means that inverse relationship exists between the axial and limiting radial depths of cut thus highlighting the need to determine the maximum value of their product for achieving maximized MRR thereby reducing the chatter in the milling process. It is also seen that the peak radial depths of cut occasioned by the lobbing effects occur at fixed spindle speeds irrespective of the axial depth of cut. Similarly, the rise in spindle speed enhances the stable region and suppresses the unstable region. This means that for us to have chatter-free milling process, parameters like axial and radial depths of cut should be carefully selected together at high machining speed. With these behaviour, one can locate the productive spindle speed at which the lobbing effects occur and depths of cut combination for the operator. Keywords Delineation, Regenerative chatter, Full discretization, Stability lobs diagram, Millin

The significance of active evaporative cooling system in the shelf life enhancement of vegetables (red and green tomatoes) for minimizing post-harvest losses

Tomatoes in its natural state remains highly sort after as a result of its domestic relevance in most homes. In a bit to reduce the amount of losses that occurs after harvest, storage amongst many others is seen to be a very germane consideration to enhancing the shelf life of tomatoes. Samples of red tomatoes were gotten from a popular market in omu-aran town, Kwara state, Nigeria and green tomatoes samples were gotten from the green house in Landmark University teaching and research farm, omu-aran, kwara state Nigeria. The samples were stored in an active evaporative cooling system for a period of seven days. A few samples were also placed in the ambient environment of the evaporative cooler to carry out a load-test on the cooler. The emerging result shows that after the seventh day, the red tomatoes and green tomatoes that was stored in cooler had a percentage weight loss of 8.65% and 1.54% respectively. While the red and green tomatoes samples that was stored in the ambient environment had a percentage weight loss of 47.20% and 5.14% respectively. This outcome implies that the evaporative cooler with an average cooling efficiency of 86.01% was able to optimize the shelf life of the red and green tomatoes

Determination of Optimum Process Parameters of the Drying Rate of Cassava Samples Using the Square Design Method

Drying is the removal of moisture content and other chemical compositions. The study aims to improve the process parameters involved in cassava chip drying. A statistical approach was utilized to evaluate the significance of the drying variables, such as the various cassava species, the drying temperature, and the drying duration, and their influences on the drying rate of cassava chips. The Latin Square Experiment Design was taken into account when determining the interaction between the critical optimum parameters. At the P 0.05 significance level, an ANOVA was used to analyze the linear and interaction influence of the drying variables on various quality parameters. The study used analysis to compare the F-statistic at four degrees of freedom and obtained an optimal significant level of 3.26. Also, the results showed a significant influence of temperature and period of drying on the drying rate of the cassava chips, but the cassava species did not affect the drying rate of the cassava chips. Also, the results from the statistical analysis were validated and can be employed for monitoring the drying process of cassava chips