Management profile and training needs for marine resources development

The long history of evolution of the Law of the Sea through State practice as well as codification and progressive development, culminated in the Law of the Sea Convention signed, under auspices of the United Nations, at Montego Bay, Jamaica, on 10 December 19 82. One of the principal features of the Convention is the area of the Sea which it brings under the two legal regimes of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. Under these two regimes considerable areas of the Sea are brought under national jurisdiction for purposes of exploration, control, conservation and exploitation of marine natural resources. The regimes also define the zones with the highest probability of the attractive natural resources, notably fisheries and hydro-carbon. It is estimated, for instance that Kenya and Tanzania would each acquire a new zone of between 20,000 and 200,000 nautical square miles over which they have exclusive jurisdiction and sovereign rights for purposes of exploration, exploitation and conservation of natural resources. This paper, which focuses only on hydro-carbon, argues that in order for the respective coastal states, such as Kenya to benefit in a meaningful way, from the natural resources newly brought under its jurisdiction, it must acquire requisite technology and manpower to explore, exploit, transport, process and market the hydro-carbon and its other products. Accordingly, the paper outlines an analytic profile of basic and broad management needs. Thereby, it suggests the specific training needs required to meet the needs suggested by the management profile. In conclusion, the paper suggests some broad frameworks for developing manpower to meet these development needs

A microsimulation of the Uganda tax system (UGATAX) and the poor from 1999 to 2003

Like most developing countries, Uganda faces serious fiscal challenges in her effort to mobilize and effectively use resources for poverty reduction. however, the tax base remains small as reflected in the low tax-to-GDP. the government is under internal and external pressure to increase its domestic revenue collection and i turn, reduce its dependency on donors. In response to the pressure the government endeavored to maintain fiscal discipline, partly by raising taxes. the consequences of this move on the poor remains unclear. the main purpose of this paper is to throw light on the effects of alternative reforms to existing tax system on those households living in poverty. The analysis was carried out using the nationally representative Uganda national household survey of 1999/00 (UNHS I) using micro-simulation techniques. the key findings emerging from the analysis are: Increasing value added tax (VAT) other taxes unchanged will increase the tax burden of the poor but the non-poor households will continue paying more taxes relative to their expenditures that the poor households; Zero rating of the key taxable consumer items consumed by the poor would have little fiscal consequences. the amount of revenue forgone is less than the graduated tax (head tax) forgone; and the largest portion of the tax burden born by the poor households originates from VAT followed by excise duties and graduated tax.Taxation, Ssewanyana, Okidi, economic policy research center, Domestic revenue, Taxing systems, Poverty reduction, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics, Industrial Organization, Labor and Human Capital,

Kenya's marine fisheries: an outline of policy and activities

The general area of management of marine resources is one that has gained worldwide prominence since the beginning of the negotiations on the new Law of the Sea at the United Nations in 1968. The paper takes the premise that part of the reason for that concern has been to find a framework for general conservation and rational use of marine resources as natural resources. However, the central reason is that individual states want what they consider an access to equitable share of the resources for use by their nationals. Kenyan delegates have been particularly active at the international negotiations. This paper takes the fisheries sector alone, and examines the range of activities in which Kenya nationals and companies are involved. A primary focus is on the amount of fishing done; where, along the coast, the fishing activities are done; and the contribution of that sector to employment especially to the coastal population. The role of relevant government departments in promoting the activities is appraised and the degree of intrusion of foreign long-distance fleets in Kenyan waters is examined

Protection and Preservation in International Watercourses

56 pages. Contains 11 pages of footnotes