The effect of COVID-19 infection on retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex layer thicknesses

Aim:  To evaluate the possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses. Method: Patients who had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalized because of severe pneumonia were found out from the database of COVID-19 pandemic hospital and formed the patient group. The control group was composed of non-COVID-19 age-matched subjects. The mean and fragmented RNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and compared between two groups, statistically. Results: Patient group 34 eyes of 34 subjects (18 male, 16 female) and 31 eyes of 31 subjects (14 male, 17 female) in the control group were enrolled. The mean age and gender were not statistically different between groups (p:0.56, 0,57, respectively).A statistically significant difference was not found between groups in terms of mean, superior, inferior, temporal, nasal RNFL thicknesses and mean superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal GC-IPL thicknesses. Conclusion: The mean and fragmented RNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses measured by OCT were not statistically different in patients who had moderate disease course and recovered from COVID-19 infection

Travel Related Fever and Rash: Two Cases of Dengue Fever

The frequency of travel-related infections in the world has increased due to the easily and widespread use of travel facilities in the 21st century. Vector-borne diseases are an important part of infectious diseases. Dengue fever is one of the travel-related infections that has been reported increasingly in recent years through the development of diagnostic methods. The aim of this report was to present two Dengue fever cases originating from travel. There was a story of mosquito bite during a trip to Sri Lanka travel in our first case. The patient was 30 years old and maculopapular rash appeared on the fifth day of contact. Three days after the onset of the rash, she has admitted to our clinic, complaining with fever and chills. Increased leukopenia and muscle enzymes were detected in the laboratory analysis. Real-time reverse transcriptase polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was positive in the serum sample. The patient was followed up with supportive care and discharged by improvement. The second case, a 24-year-old male, had a story of mosquito bite during his trip to Malaysia. After the patient complained of fever, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and muscle pain, the Dengue virus (DENV) NS1 antigen test performed in this country was found to be positive. In the second case, there was no maculopapular rash and laboratory analysis showed an increase in leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and muscle enzymes. RT-PCR positivity was detected in the serum sample. The patient was followed up with supportive treatment and discharged with cure. DENV infections are caused by DENV which is common in the tropical areas of the world. There are four DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 serotypes. DENV infections can present different clinical manifestations such as asymptomatic disease, viral syndrome, Dengue haemorrhagic fever, and Dengue shock syndrome. Dengue fever is often accompanied by arthritis, maculopapular rash and high fever. Our cases were defined as Dengue fever according to this definition. In the diagnosis of the disease, it is necessary first to be suspicious of the disease and the travel history must be questioned. In the definitive diagnosis, virus isolation, antigen, nucleic acid detection and serological tests are used. The virus can be isolated from blood, serum, urine and tissues. In the first five days after beginning of the symptoms associated with DENV infections, serum RT-PCR and Dengue NS1 antigen test may be positive