82 research outputs found
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Optimal conditions for expressing a specific region of core protein of phosphacan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan known as receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase, as fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) in E.coli were examined. DNA fragments inserted into the expression vector (pGEX-4T-1) were amplified by RT-PCR using mRNA purified from E18 rat brain as template. Primers attached with BamH I or EcoR I restriction site on 5' end were used to amplify first strand cDNA by PCR. Before ligation into the pGEX-4T-1 for GST fusion protein, PCR products were once cloned using T-A cloning system because they were not directly ligated into the pGEX-4T-1. E.coli strain BL21 was transformed by pGEX-4T-1 ligated with restriction DNA fragment cut out from pCR II plasmid vector of T-A clonig system. The growth of transformed BL21 was not different between the colony incubated at 37â for 24-48h and the colony stored at 4â for 7-10 days after 24h incubation at 37â. The desirable OD(550) of culture medium for inducing the expression of fusion protein by isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside (IPTG) was from 0.6 to 1.0, because expression of native E.coli proteins per ml of culture medium was increased relatively when IPTG was added at OD(550) more than 1.0. The expression of fusion protein reached plateau around 6h after the induction. Relative expression of native E.coli proteins per ml of culture medium increased thereafter. Therefore, it may be desirable to purify the fusion protein around 6h after the induction.ã³ã³ããã€ãã³ç¡«é
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Specific regions of core protein of phosphacan, one of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, were expressed as fusion proteins with histidine-tag (His-tag) in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and were affinity purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) matrix. cDNA fragments encoding amino acid residues 343-446 (P3) and 1-340 (P4) of phosphacan core protein were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from E18 rat brain mRNA as template. The amplified products were subcloned into pQE30
vector and were introduced into E.coli strain M15 [pREP4] for the expression. The His-tagged fusion proteins were expressed by cultivating the transformants at 37â for 5h in the presence of 1mM IPTG. His-tagged P3 fusion protein (His-P3) was expressed as soluble form, and was purified
using Ni-NTA matrix. His-tagged P4 fusion protein (His-P4) which was sequestered into insoluble inclusion bodies was treated with 8.0M urea to solubilize, and then was purified under denaturing conditions.ã³ã³ããã€ãã³ç¡«é
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It is generally accepted that the number of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee must increase in the future because of the increase of the aged. The pathogenic mechanisms of OA haven't been elucidated yet, but it is supposed that mediate pannus may cause the factors for irreversible cartilage damage in the inflammatory process. Therefore it is very important to find and predict OA at the early stage. Now there were many indices to determine joint damage with OA, for example, cytokines including IL, TNF, TGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), proteoglycan (PG), hyaluronate (HA), super oxide, adhesion molecules including, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM. In this study, we measured that the soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble collagen (sCOLL), heparansulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), uronic acis and CRP in synovial fluids (SF) with OA. A positive correlation between the level of sVCAM-1 and sCOLL (Ï = 0.652) was noted. However there was no factor showing a correlation with CRP. It was suggested that the levels of sVCAM-1 and sCOLL in the synovia fluid were active inflammation indices of knee damage, as the different aspects from CRP. The level of HSPG also showed a unique trend because HSPG on the cell surface was quickly digested endocytosis, so that it was not suitable for the inflammatory index in synovial fluid with OA.å€åœ¢æ§èé¢ç¯ç(OA)æ£è
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žããããªã°ãªã«ã³(HSPG)ãšå¯æº¶æ§ã³ã©ãŒã²ã³(sCOLL)å€éã«ã¯ææãªçžé¢é¢ä¿ã¯ç¢ºèªãããªãã£ããŸã,äžè¬ã«ççã®ææšãšããŠçšããããCRPå€ãšãæ¯ææ€èšããã,CRPå€ãšä»ã®æž¬å®é
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The Neurophysiological Implications of an Atypical Slow Negative Potential in Short Interval CNVãParadigm
We recorded a slow negative potential from Cz (10/20 method) in 49 healthy students (12 male, 37 female, mean age 19.1) by a short interstumulus interval CNV paradigm. The interstimulus interval was 2 or 3 seconds, the warning stimulus presented at random or regular interval at 0.2 Hz. An atypical negative variation with two separated negative peaks was recorded in 26.0-30.6% trials regardless of interstimulus interval or modality of warning stimulus presentation, while a typical CNV was recorded in 32.0-59.2% of trials. No apparent negative variation was recorded in 14.3-18.4% in 2 seconds interstimulus interval, and 28-38% in 3 seconds interstimulus interval, showing that 2 seconds interval is better to get stable CNV recording than 3 seconds interval. The first negative wave of the atypical negative variation was 692-799msec in duration, but frequently prolonged to 1000msec or more in 3 seconds interval. It usually had negative peak around 900-1100msec, but sometimes around 1500msec. This features are different from any reported negative components of CNV. The second negative wave began 800-1200msec before second stimulus, and had its peak just before second stimulus, showing common features with readiness potential. The appearance of CNV was unsatble in the students in which the atypical negative variation was recorded in regular, 2 seconds intersitimulus interval, and the amplitude of slow vertex response and pattern reversal visual evoked potential was lower in thses students than in the students in which a typical CNV was recorded more than 3 times in total 4 times of trials. These findings indicate that the atypical variation observed in this study is due to a lowered arousal level or cortical neuronal activity, rather than a separated appearance of different components of CNV.CNVã®èšé²æ¡ä»¶ãæ€èšããç®çã§ãå¥åº·è¥å¹Žæ人49åïŒç·12ã女37ïŒã察象ã«S(1)-S(2)+Rãã©ãã€ã ãçšããŠCNVãèšé²ãããS(1)-S(2)éé2ç§ã®ã»ãã3ç§ãããå®å®ããŠCNVãèšé²ãããããåºæ¿ééãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã«26ïœ30ïŒ
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An experimental study on the relation of T2-signal high intensity in MRI to histopathological changes in the kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats.
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ç«åå¿å¢åŒ·ã¯MRIæèŠã«åæ ãããïŒããã¯MRIã®è§£å床ã®éçã«ããããšèãããããThe relation of T2-signal high intensity areas observed in temporal lobe epilepsy to histopathological changes in limbic structures was examined in the rat kainic acid (KA) model of epilepsy. Male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 10mg/kg(i.p.) of KA or saline (control). Repetitive generalized convulsions (stage 3, or stage 4,5 seizures of amygdala kindled seizures) lasted for 3 to 4 hrs. were induced by KA injection in all rats. MRI was recorded on the day before the KA injection and 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after the injection by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery method under deep pentobarbital anesthesia. Following the last MRI recording, rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) from left cardiac ventricle, post-fixed overnight in 4% PFA and brains were embedded in parafin. Coronal brain sections (6ÎŒm) were stained with cresyl violet, or mouse anti-GFAP antibody followed by biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG and avidin-biotin-peroxidase (vectastain ABC kit). Irregularshaped moderate to severe high T2-signal areas were observed in bilateral piriform and entorhinal cortex in MRI. These high T2-signal areas were ovserved from 1 week after the KA injection to 8 weeks after the injection, and were more prominent in rats elicited stage 4 or 5 seizures than in rats elicited stage 3 seizures. Loss of pyramidal neurons and increased GFAP immunoreactivity were observed in piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, CA1, subiculum, and hilus of dentate gyrus. The increase of GFAP immunoreactivity, but not the intensity of neuronal loss, in piriform and entorhinal cortex was almost correponded to the size and intensity of T2-signal. However, the increase of GFAP immunoreactivity in hippocampus was not detected as the increase of T2-signal in MRI. These findings indicate that astroglial reactions in piriform and entorhinal cortex are more sensitive to T2-weighted MRI than those in hippocampus
Alteration of thermostable phosphatase activity after hydrophobic chromatography
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NH(4))(2)SO(4) was performed, phosphatase was found to be eluted as latent form, which revealed dose-dependent inhibitory effect of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) on phosphatase. When various concentrations of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) were added into phosphatase reaction mixture, about 80% inhibition was observed in the presence of 0.15 M (NH(4))(2)SO(4). Acidification by adding (NH(4))(2)SO(4) was not responsible for this inhibition, because addition of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) solution which pH was previously adjusted to 9.0 showed same inhibitory effect
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Relationship between ethanol drinking and organs injury was reviewed and special emphasis was put on alcoholic liver disease. Consumption of alcoholic beverage expressed as ethanol per capita of adult in Japan increased 2.1 times in these 25 years and it is still increasing. Although the incidence of alcoholic liver disease in Japan also increased greatly during the above period, it seems likely that plateau level is coming because of genetically defined, unique type of alcohol metabolism in Japanese. Sex differences in susceptibility to alcohol were discussed. Among the six types of alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic liver fibrosis is relatively frequent in Japan. Mechanism of liver injury has been studied extensively. Alcohol itself is toxic but other factors such as dietary fat are also important. Biochemical and immunological markers of drinking were presented. As for the treatment, most patients especially in early stages of the disease well respond to alcohol withdrawal, but therapy of alcohol dependence in the background of the disease is very difficult requiring cooperative works of different kinds of specialists
Utilization of a serum-free primary culture of cortical neurons by using cyclodextrins in neurobiological research
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