Relationship between resistance to antibiotics and insusceptibility to biocides of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Indonesian hospitals

Background: Several studies have shown that bacteria acquiring resistance to biocides may acquire resistance to antibiotics simultaneously. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between resistance to antibiotics and insusceptibility to biocides of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated in Indonesian hospitals.Methods: 61 isolates of S. aureus from nurses’ nasal cavities and 46 isolates of P. aeruginosa from hospital environments were divided into those with higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (Higher MIC group) and those with lower MIC (lower MIC group) depending on growth in MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and benzalkonium chloride (BZK) of each standard strain. Afterwards, susceptibility to antibiotics of the 2 groups was compared.Results: Increases in MICs of CHG were found in both species. Some of P. aeruginosa also had higher MICs of BZK. Relationship between antibiotic resistance and insusceptibility to biocides differed among species, biocides and antibiotics. In S. aureus, isolates in the Higher MIC group tended to be more resistant to ampicillin (0.167). In P. aeruginosa, resistance to aminoglycosides was observed more frequently in the Higher MIC group for CHG and it was significant in amikacin (p = 0.002). Further analysis is necessary to determine the mechanisms of the relationship between aminoglycoside resistance and CHG insusceptibility in P. aeruginosa.Conclusions: Increase in insusceptibility to biocides was found in isolated S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and a relationship between insusceptibility to CHG and resistance to aminoglycosides was observed in P. aeruginosa

La fonction de la vue dans les Conférences de Toulouse

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Influence of oxidative stress and effect of topical application of α-tocopherol on wound healing in a diabetic animal model

Background: Understanding mechanisms involved in development of diabetes mellitus-associated ulcers is vital to pioneering alternative care approaches. This study aimed to establish effects of oxidative stress (OS) and α-tocopherol’s effect on diabetic wound healing.Methods: Using two animal experimental designs surgical wounds were created in 4 groups of 9-week-old diabetic and non-diabetic rats. OS was induced through antioxidant enzyme inhibition. In experiment-1 wounds were allowed to heal. In experiment-2 varying concentrations of topical α-tocopherol and/or the ointment-base were administered to diabetic animal wounds. Intermittent comparison of wound morphology, histology and local and systemic OS parameters was done.Results: Irrespective of diabetic state, OS was associated with delayed wound size reduction and poor granulation-tissue collagen deposition. Delayed and subdued local glutathione peroxidase activity in response to wounding and OS induction was more pronounced in diabetic animals. Diabetic animals also showed higher serum malondialdehyde levels regardless of OS induction. Topical application of α-tocopherol was associated with denser wound granulation tissue collagen deposition but could not affect serum malondialdehyde levels.Conclusions: OS interferes with wound healing especially collagen deposition and the effect is more pronounced in a diabetic state. Topical α-tocopherol can improve collagen deposition in diabetic wounds but cannot counteract systemic OS, therefore combining systemic and local antioxidant supplementation has potential for use in DFU care

Fracton Excitation and Levy Flight Dynamics in Alkali Silicate Glasses

金沢大学理学部We have examined the relaxation behavior of alkali metal ions in lithium metasilicate glasses by means of molecular dynamics simulation. We have observed a change of slope of the mean squared displacement at ;300 ps. In shorter time regions, localized motion of lithium ions within neighboring sites is observed, which is caused by the small fracton dimension ~fracton excitation!. On the other hand, an accelerated motion of particles due to cooperative jumps is found, which characterizes the diffusion and conduction mechanisms of the alkali metal ions in longer time regions. The dynamics of accelerated motion is discussed in relation to Le´vy flight dynamics. @S0163-1829~97!03510-8

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach: A Case Study

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have a poor prognosis, and the diagnostic criteria for this disease have recently changed. We herein report a case of sporadic gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma. A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with epigastric pain. Endoscopic examination revealed a localized ulcerative lesion (diameter, 4 cm) at the upper stomach. The diagnosis on biopsy was neuroendocrine carcinoma. Total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, splenectomy, and cholecystectomy was performed. Pathologically, the tumor infiltrated the subserosal layer, and 6/49 lymph nodes were involved. The tumor was uniform in shape and arranged in a rosette-like structure to form solid nests, with medium-sized, round-to-cuboid-shaped tumor cells and intense mitosis 46/10 HPF. It was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, and the Ki-67 labeling index was 70–80%. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma was made according to the WHO 2010 criteria. The patient was followed up for three years without recurrence

Srv2/CAP is required for polarized actin cable assembly and patch internalization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis

The dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin filaments is essential for the formation and transport of vesicles during endocytosis. In yeast, two types of actin structures, namely cortical patches and cytoplasmic cables, play a direct role in endocytosis, but how their interaction is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that Srv2/CAP, an evolutionarily conserved actin regulator, is required for efficient endocytosis owing to its role in the formation of the actin patches that aid initial vesicle invagination and of the actin cables that these move along. Deletion of the SRV2 gene resulted in the appearance of aberrant fragmented actin cables that frequently moved past actin patches, the sites of endocytosis. We find that the C-terminal CARP domain of Srv2p is vitally important for the proper assembly of actin patches and cables; we also demonstrate that the N-terminal helical folded domain of Srv2 is required for its localization to actin patches, specifically to the ADP-actin rich region through an interaction with cofilin. These results demonstrate the in vivo roles of Srv2p in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosi

Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Prevents Cisplatin-induced Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice

Cisplatin is used to treat lung cancer;however, it is also a known carcinogen. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been shown to prevent carcinogen-induced experimental tumors. We investigated the effect of a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on cisplatin-induced lung tumors. One hundred twenty 4-week-old A/J mice were divided into 6 groups:group 1, no treatment;group 2, low-dose celecoxib (150mg/kg);group 3, high-dose celecoxib (1,500mg/kg);group 4, cisplatin alone;group 5, cisplatin plus low-dose celecoxib;and group 6, cisplatin plus high-dose celecoxib. Mice in groups 4-6 were administered cisplatin (1.62mg/kg, i.p.) once a week for 10 weeks between 7 and 16 weeks of age. All mice were sacrificed at week 30. Tumor incidence was 15.8% in group 1, 25% in group 2, 26.3% in group 3, 60% in group 4, 50% in group 5, and 50% in group 6. Tumor multiplicity was 0.2, 0.3, 0.3, 1.3, 1.0, and 0.6 in groups 1-6, respectively. Tumor multiplicity in the cisplatin-treated mice was reduced by celecoxib treatment in a dose-dependent manner (p＜0.05, group 4 vs. group 6). Celecoxib significantly reduced COX-2 expression in cisplatin-induced tumors (p＜0.01, group 4 vs. group 6)