N-サリチリデンアニリンの高速ダイナミックス : 励起状態分子内プロトン移動反応と内部転換の競合

2003年分子構造総合討論会, 2003年9月24日-27日, 京都テルサ(京都), 4Ap0

Nutrient Profiling of Japanese Dishes: The Development of a Novel Ajinomoto Group Nutrient Profiling System

Government agencies and private companies have supported the development of nutrient profiling (NP) systems to facilitate the selection of nutrient-dense foods by consumers, promote nutritious food development, and limit excessive advertising of products with low nutritional value. While most NP models were developed to assess individual foods, the Ajinomoto Group Nutrient Profiling System (ANPS) was developed to assess the overall nutritional value of cooked dishes that are culturally specific to Japan. Based on the national dietary recommendations and nutritional surveys, target values were created for 13 dish categories, while considering the combinations of meal units. For the ANPS, the four evaluating elements were protein and vegetables, which should be encouraged, and sodium and saturated fatty acids, which should be limited. The ANPS algorithm for dishes was the sum of the scores of individual elements, with a maximum of 10 points per serving. The sum of scores was then multiplied by 2.5 to convert to the 100-point scale. Convergent validity was tested using the nutrient-rich food index (NRF) score of 6.3. In total, 1,089 popular Japanese dishes were evaluated using the ANPS, and the median score of ANPS was 70.0 points (interquartile range, 55–78.8), and the average score was 67.7 (standard deviation, 16.5) points. Since salt intake is a major health risk in Japan, this tool was designed to evaluate sodium content with high sensitivity, and low-salt dishes significantly improved sodium and ANPS scores compared with regular dishes. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the total score of NRF 6.3 and ANPS in 1,089 dishes was r = 0.452 (p < 0.0001). This newly developed ANPS could be used to evaluate culture-specific cooked dishes per serving size. It can determine the nutritional values of dishes, with a high sensitivity to sodium content, a major Japanese nutritional issue. Further research is needed to determine the accuracy and usefulness of the ANPS as a system that would lead to changes in eating behavior nationwide

N-サリチリデンアニリンのイオン検出フェムト秒時間分解分光 : フォトクロミック反応における高速内部転換の重要性

2004年分子構造総合討論会, 2004年9月27日-30日, 広島国際会議場(広島), 3D0

ピコ秒・フェムト秒時間分解分光法によるジアリールエテン類のフォトクロミック反応ダイナミックスの研究

2002年分子構造総合討論会, 2002年10月1日-10月4日, 神戸国際会議場(神戸), 3A0

Ultrafast excited-state dynamics in photochromic N-salicylideneaniline studied by femtosecond time-resolved REMPI spectroscopy

Ultrafast processes in photoexcitedN-salicylideneaniline have been investigated with femtosecondtime-resolved resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. The ion signals via theS 1 (n,π * ) state of the enol form as well as the proton-transferred cis-keto form emerge within a few hundred femtoseconds after photoexcitation to the firstS 1 (π,π * ) state of the enol form. This reveals that two ultrafast processes,excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction and an internal conversion (IC) to theS 1 (n,π * ) state, occur on a time scale less than a few hundred femtoseconds from theS 1 (π,π * ) state of the enol form. The rise time of the transient corresponding to the production of the proton-transferred cis-keto form is within 750 fs when near the red edge of the absorption is excited, indicating that the ESIPT reaction occurs within 750 fs. The decay time of theS 1 (π,π * ) state of the cis-keto form is 8.9 ps by exciting the enol form at 370 nm, but it dramatically decreases to be 1.5–1.6 ps for the excitation at 365–320 nm. The decrease in the decay time has been attributed to the opening of an efficient nonradiative channel; an IC fromS 1 (π,π * ) toS 1 (n,π * ) of the cis-keto form promotes the production of the trans-keto form as the final photochromic products. The two IC processes may provide opposite effect on the quantum yield of photochromic products: IC in the enol form may substantially reduce the quantum yield, but IC in the cis-keto form increase it.This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 15350015 from the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture in Japan, and by the Joint Studies Program (Grant No. 2002-2003) of Institute for Molecular Science

Development of Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutant Edamame Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Populations and Forward and Reverse Genetic Screening for Early-Flowering Mutants

Induced mutation is a viable breeding strategy that is widely utilized in the development of elite plant varieties. We aimed to improve a variety of edamame by constructing novel mutant populations using the ethyl methanesulfonate in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In the M2 population, the flowering stage showed a considerable standard deviation compared to the wild type, confirming that the mutant populations had the expected DNA mutations. To identify the DNA mutations in the mutant populations, we used the targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) method, which is a reverse genetic method, to search for soybean flowering-related gene mutants. A total of 30 mutants from E1, E3, E4, and PhyA1 genes, which are known to be highly effective genes, or their homologous gene for flowering and maturation found in soybean quantitative trait locus analyses were isolated from our TILLING screening. Among these mutants, there were eleven nonsynonymous substitution mutants, one nonsense mutant, and two single nucleotide deletion mutants that could be expected to reduce or eliminate gene function. The e1, e3, and e4 mutants obtained in this study flowered considerably earlier than the wild type. In particular, the e1 mutant with a nonsynonymous substitution flowered approximately 1 month after sowing regardless of the sowing date, and its harvest date was approximately 1 month earlier than that of the wild type. Mutations identified using the TILLING method could not only be used as gel-based DNA markers with the same manipulation method, but the mutations could also be detected as DNA markers by the high-resolution melting method. These results indicate that mutations achieved without chromosome modification by crossbreeding are effective for early and practical improvement of superior varieties and that efficient selection of mutants by reverse genetics is an effective method for the identification of genetic modifications. The edamame mutant populations developed in this study are believed to possess various useful alleles which may be applicable in the search for mutations that lead to improved edamame yield and eating quality beyond the flowering stage