740 research outputs found
Trajectory of test particle around a slowly rotating relativistic star emitting isotropic radiation
We explored the motion of test particles near slowly rotating relativistic
star having a uniform luminosity. In order to derive the test particle's
equations of motion, we made use of the radiation stress-energy tensor first
constructed by Miller and Lamb \cite{ML96}. From the particle's trajectory
obtained through the numerical integration of the equations of motion, it is
found that for sufficiently high luminosity, "suspension orbit" exists, where
the test particle hovers around at uniform angular velocity in the same
direction as the star's spin. Interestingly, it turned out that the radial
position of the "suspension orbit" was determined by the luminosity and the
angular momentum of the star alone and was independent of the initial positions
and the specific angular momentum of the particle. Also found is that there
exist not only the radiation drag but also "radiation counter-drag" which
depends on the stellar radius and the angular momentum and it is this radiation
counter-drag that makes the test particle in the "suspension orbit" to hover
around at uniform angular velocity which is greater than that induced by the
Lense-Thirring effect (i.e., general relativistic dragging of inertial frame).Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Effects of whole body vibration training on body composition, skeletal muscle strength, and cardiovascular health
Whole body vibration training (WBVT) has been used as a supplement to conventional exercise training such as resistance exercise training to improve skeletal muscle strength, specifically, in rehabilitation field. Recently, this exercise modality has been utilized by cardiovascular studies to examine whether WBVT can be a useful exercise modality to improve cardiovascular health. These studies reported that WBVT has not only beneficial effects on muscular strength but also cardiovascular health in elderly and disease population. However, its mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of WBVT in cardiovascular health has not been well documented. Therefore, this review highlighted the impacts of WBVT on cardiovascular health, and its mechanisms in conjunction with the improved muscular strength and body composition in various populations
A system for image-based modeling and photo editing
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).Traditionally in computer graphics, a scene is represented by geometric primitives composed of various materials and a collection of lights. Recently, techniques for modeling and rendering scenes from a set of pre-acquired images have emerged as an alternative approach, known as image-based modeling and rendering. Much of the research in this field has focused on reconstructing and rerendering from a set of photographs, while little work has been done to address the problem of editing and modifying these scenes. On the other hand, photo-editing systems, such as Adobe Photoshop, provide a powerful, intuitive, and practical means to edit images. However, these systems are limited by their two-dimensional nature. In this thesis, we present a system that extends photo editing to 3D. Starting from a single input image, the system enables the user to reconstruct a 3D representation of the captured scene, and edit it with the ease and versatility of 2D photo editing. The scene is represented as layers of images with depth, where each layer is an image that encodes both color and depth. A suite of user-assisted tools are employed, based on a painting metaphor, to extract layers and assign depths. The system enables editing from different viewpoints, extracting and grouping of image-based objects, and modifying the shape, color, and illumination of these objects. As part of the system, we introduce three powerful new editing tools. These include two new clone brushing tools: the non-distorted clone brush and the structure-preserving clone brush. They permit copying of parts of an image to another via a brush interface, but alleviate distortions due to perspective foreshortening and object geometry.(cont.) The non-distorted clone brush works on arbitrary 3D geometry, while the structure-preserving clone brush, a 2D version, assumes a planar surface, but has the added advantage of working directly in 2D photo-editing systems that lack depth information. The third tool, a texture-illuminance decoupling filter, discounts the effect of illumination on uniformly textured areas by decoupling large- and small-scale features via bilateral filtering. This tool is crucial for relighting and changing the materials of the scene. There are many applications for such a system, for example architectural, lighting and landscape design, entertainment and special effects, games, and virtual TV sets. The system allows the user to superimpose scaled architectural models into real environments, or to quickly paint a desired lighting scheme of an interior, while being able to navigate within the scene for a fully immersive 3D experience. We present examples and results of complex architectural scenes, 360-degree panoramas, and even paintings, where the user can change viewpoints, edit the geometry and materials, and relight the environment.by Byong Mok Oh.Ph.D
Finite size effects on the Poynting-Robertson effect: a fully general relativistic treatment
Ever since the first discovery of Poynting and Robertson, the radiation
source has been treated as merely a point. Even in a very few studies where the
size of the source has been taken into account, the treatment of the problem
remained largely non-relativistic. In the present work, we address the issue of
the finite size effects on the Poynting-Robertson effect in a fully
relativistic manner for the first time. As a result, the emergence and the
characteristic of the critical point/suspension orbit can be studied in a
systematic and detailed manner.Comment: 11pages, 3figure
Deep Learning Model on Gravitational Waveforms in Merging and Ringdown Phases of Binary Black Hole Coalescences
The waveform templates of the matched filtering-based gravitational-wave
search ought to cover wide range of parameters for the prosperous detection.
Numerical relativity (NR) has been widely accepted as the most accurate method
for modeling the waveforms. Still, it is well-known that NR typically requires
a tremendous amount of computational costs. In this paper, we demonstrate a
proof-of-concept of a novel deterministic deep learning (DL) architecture that
can generate gravitational waveforms from the merger and ringdown phases of the
non-spinning binary black hole coalescence. Our model takes (1)
seconds for generating approximately waveforms with a 99.9\% match on
average to one of the state-of-the-art waveform approximants, the
effective-one-body. We also perform matched filtering with the DL-waveforms and
find that the waveforms can recover the event time of the injected
gravitational-wave signals.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted by PR
Association of serum adipocytokine levels with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of diabetes associated with poor prognosis. In addition, the autonomic imbalance is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. It is thought that adipocytokines contribute to the increased risk of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, literature data on the association between CAN with adipocytokines such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), adiponectin in subjects with T2DM is limited.</p> <p>Therefore, in the present study, we examined the relationship between fasting serum leptin, TNF- alpha and adiponectin and CAN in Korean T2DM patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 142 T2DM patients (94 males, 48 females) were recruited. CAN was assessed by the five tests according to the Ewing's protocol and the time and frequency domain of the heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated. Serum TNF-alpha and adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum leptin levels were measured using radioimmunoassay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although, the mean levels of leptin, TNF-alpha and adiponectin were not significantly different between the groups with and without CAN, the levels of leptin and adiponectin had a tendency to increase as the score of CAN increased (p = 0.05, p = 0.036). Serum leptin levels demonstrated a negative correlation with low frequency (LF) in the upright position (p = 0.037). Regarding TNF-alpha, a significant negative correlation was observed with SDNN and RMSSD in the upright position (p = 0.023, p = 0.019). Adiponectin levels were not related to any HRV parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds of CAN increased with a longer duration of diabetes (1.25, [1.07-1.47]) and higher homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (5.47, [1.8-16.5]). The relative risks for the presence of CAN were 14.1 and 51.6 for the adiponectin 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd </sup>tertiles when compared with first tertile (p-value for trend = 0.022).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In the present study, the higher serum adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR were associated with an increased risk for the presence of CAN. Also, the CAN score correlated with the serum adiponectin. Serum adipocytokines such as leptin and TNF-alpha were significantly correlated with parameters of HRV, representative markers of CAN. Future prospective studies with larger number of patients are required to establish a direct relationship between plasma adipocytokine concentrations and the development or severity of CAN.</p
Long-term microcarrier suspension cultures of human embryonic stem cells
AbstractThe conventional method of culturing human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, which is not amenable for scale up to therapeutic quantities in bioreactors. We have developed a facile and robust method for maintaining undifferentiated hESC in three-dimensional (3D) suspension cultures on matrigel-coated microcarriers achieving 2- to 4-fold higher cell densities than those in 2D colony cultures. Stable, continuous propagation of two hESC lines on microcarriers has been demonstrated in conditioned media for 6 months. Microcarrier cultures (MC) were also demonstrated in two serum-free defined media (StemPro and mTeSR1). MC achieved even higher cell concentrations in suspension spinner flasks, thus opening the prospect of propagation in controlled bioreactors
Differential associations of central and brachial blood pressure with carotid atherosclerosis and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes
BACKGROUND: We examined the relationship between central blood pressure (BP), brachial BP with carotid atherosclerosis and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We recruited 201 patients who were evaluated for central BP, brachial BP, carotid ultrasonography, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and microvascular complications. Central BP were calculated using a radial automated tonometric system. RESULTS: Agreement between central BP and brachial BP was very strong (concordance correlation coefficient between central and brachial SBP = 0.889, between central and brachial PP = 0.816). Central pulse pressure (PP) was correlated with mean carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), baPWV and ABI, whereas brachial PP was borderline significantly correlated with CIMT. The prevalence of nephropathy(DN) and retinopathy(DR) according to the brachial PP tertiles increased, the prevalences of microvascular complications were not different across central PP tertiles. In multivariate analysis, the relative risks (RRs) for the presence of DR were 1.2 and 4.6 for the brachial PP tertiles 2 and 3 when compared with the first tertile. Also, the RRs for the presence of DN were 1.02 and 3 for the brachial PP tertiles 2 and 3 when compared with the first tertile. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement of central BP and brachial BP was very strong. Nonetheless, this study showed that higher brachial PP levels are associated with increased probability for the presence of microvascular complications such as DR/DN. However, there are no associations with central SBP and central PP with microvascular complications. Central BP levels than brachial BP are correlated with surrogate marker of macrovascular complications
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