6 research outputs found
The Effects of Electricity Consumption on Industrial Growth in Nigeria
The study analyzed the relationship between electricity consumption and industrial growth in Nigeria. The study make up time series data covering the period between 1980 and 2012 and the data collected were analyzed using co-integration and error correction techniques to estimate the short-run and long-run dynamics of the research models respectively. The result established that in the long-run, there is a significant positive relationship between industrial growth and electricity consumption, electricity generation, labour employment and foreign exchange rate while it showed a negative relationship between industrial growth and capital input (proxied by gross capital formation). The study therefore recommends that government should undertake cogent approach towards reforming the electricity supply in such a way to increase industrial production and to monitor the privatization policy of the electricity sub-sector to provide employment to reduce high rate of unemployment in Nigeria. Keywords – Industrial growth, economic development, energy, electricity consumption, production
Trade openness channels and labour market performance: evidence from Nigeria
The implications of trade on developing economies have generated
substantial debates with most studies focussed on “openness in the policy”.
Hence, the purpose of this study is to focus on “openness in practice”.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses two models and employed the vector error correction model
and structural vector autoregression, first, to examine the sectoral effects;
second, to investigate the efficacy of neoclassical and new trade theories; and
third, to analyse the effect of trade openness shock on Nigerian labour market
performance.
Findings
The results of the first model showed that trade openness has an adverse
effect on employment and wages in both the agriculture and manufacturing
sectors. Likewise, the study concludes that the new trade theory explains
trade's behaviour on employment and wages in Nigeria. The second model
showed that the effect of error shock from trade openness affected wages
more than employment.
Research limitations/implications
The study ignores the distributional effects due to unavailability of data.
Practical implications
The study suggested, amongst others, the need for policies mix on the labour
market via a coherent set of initiatives in other to increase the competitiveness
of Nigeria in the international market.
Originality/value
Most studies focussed on openness in policy through the channels identified
in the literature. However, this study investigates these channels in “openness
in practice” and investigates trade theories' efficacy on manufacturing and
agricultural sectors in Nigeria, which has been neglected in the literature
IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION ON OUTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Many studies have documented that human capital formation is important to boost
output both empirically and theoretically. However, studies on the implications of
human capital on employment are still scanty, especially for developing countries.
Against this background, the study investigates the shock and long-run implications of
government financing on education and health on output and employment in Nigeria
using a vector error correction model (VECM). The results show that the forecasting
error shocks from government expenditure on health and education affect output more
than employment along the 10-horizon period. Evidence from the long-run output
model showed that government expenditure on education and human capital index is
statistically significant, while government expenditure on health is not statistically
significant. Government expenditure on education and the human capital index has a
positive relationship with output. For the long-run employment model, government
expenditure on health and education is statistically significant; while investment in
human capital is not significant with employment. Government expenditure on
education has a negative relationship with employment, while a positive relationship
exists between government expenditure on health and employment. The result implies
that human capital indicators in terms of quantity and quality do not contribute
positively and significantly to employment growth in Nigeria. The study recommends
the need to encourage self-reliance through entrepreneurship training to bolster
employment opportunities in the long run
THE NEXUS BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND INCOME INEQUALITY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE
The study examines the relationship between human capital and income inequality in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The study made use of secondary data and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test estimation technique to analyze the data. The variables used in the analysis include income inequality, tertiary education enrolment, secondary school enrolment, government health expenditure, inflation rate, employment rate and gdp per capita. The results of the findings showed that one-year lagged income inequality and secondary school enrolment are both significant at the 5% level. In the long run, tertiary education enrolment, secondary school enrolment, government expenditure on health and employment rate are all statistically significant at the 1% level. Thus, in the long run, all the indicators of human capital are significant drivers of income inequality in Nigeria. Notwithstanding, of all the indicators, only tertiary school enrolment is negatively related to income inequality, as expected. The implication is that, in Nigeria, it is tertiary school enrolment that significantly lowers income inequality. Sequel to the finding in respect of the importance of tertiary school enrolment, it is recommended that policy makers continually support enrolment to tertiary schools in order to continuously witness significant declines in income inequality in Nigeria
Foreign aid, human capital and economic growth nexus: Evidence from Nigeria
This study investigates the link between aid and human capital in promoting economic growth of Nigeria. The study used two models; the first model was used to test the validity of the medicine model in Nigeria; while the extended model was used to investigate the effect of aid and human capital shocks on growth using Engle-Granger and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation techniques respectively. The findings from the first model suggest that persistent increase in foreign aid flows beyond a particular point (the optimal point) may adversely affect growth thus confirming the proposition of the Medicine Model. Evidence from the study’s extended model indicates that growth in Nigeria is sensitive to human capital shock via education while the response from aid shock is trivial in the long run. The mechanism through which aid impacts economies is influenced by many heterogeneous factors, notably; the role played by the recipient governments is often not considered. Our implication from the obtained results is that government expenditures on education with additional inflows of aid can promote economic growth in Nigeria. However, there is also an indication that attainment of economic growth might be challenging for this aid-dependent country