Quartz- Porphyry Dolerite in A Selected Part of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria

The dolerites in some parts of southern Benue Trough were studied petrographically. The results show that most of the dolerites in the Anambra and Afikpo basins are olivine dolerites except Umuchieze LokpaUkwu that host mostly quartz porphyry dolerites. The thin section results show that the dolerite rocks in Umuchieze LokpaUkwu has mineral paragenesis of plagioclase feldspar+quartz +pyroxene + biotite + hornblende + and hematite. The pore spaces and fractures in the rocks are healed by the infilling of quartz.  The porphyritic texture of the dolerite in the study area show variable temperatures of the crystallized magma that formed the dolerite. The sharp contacts of the dolerites and the host rocks could play roles in the alteration of the crystallizing magma. Hydrothermal interaction, contamination and assimilation played major roles in the evolutionary processes of the magma that formed the quartz-porphyry dolerite. Key word: Quartz, Dolerites, Benue Trough, Magma DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-2-09 Publication date: February 29th 202

Antenatal atazanavir: a retrospective analysis of pregnancies exposed to atazanavir.

INTRODUCTION: There are few data regarding the tolerability, safety, or efficacy of antenatal atazanavir. We report our clinical experience of atazanavir use in pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective medical records review of atazanavir-exposed pregnancies in 12 London centres between 2004 and 2010. RESULTS: There were 145 pregnancies in 135 women: 89 conceived whilst taking atazanavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), "preconception" atazanavir exposure; 27 started atazanavir-based cART as "first-line" during the pregnancy; and 29 "switched" to an atazanavir-based regimen from another cART regimen during pregnancy. Gastrointestinal intolerance requiring atazanavir cessation occurred in five pregnancies. Self-limiting, new-onset transaminitis was most common in first-line use, occurring in 11.0%. Atazanavir was commenced in five switch pregnancies in the presence of transaminitis, two of which discontinued atazanavir with persistent transaminitis. HIV-VL < 50 copies/mL was achieved in 89.3% preconception, 56.5% first-line, and 72.0% switch exposures. Singleton preterm delivery (<37 weeks) occurred in 11.7% preconception, 9.1% first-line, and 7.7% switch exposures. Four infants required phototherapy. There was one mother-to-child transmission in a poorly adherent woman. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that atazanavir is well tolerated and can be safely prescribed as a component of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy

Management of symptomatic patients with textured implants

Proper management of symptomatic textured implant patients is critical to identify and treat associated oncologic disease. Textured surface breast implants were first introduced more than 50 years ago in an effort to decrease high rates of capsular contracture and implant malposition observed with first-generation smooth surface breast implants. Textured implants were dominant over smooth devices in the United States in the late 1990s, but they fell out of favor for newer-generation smooth implants, while texture remained the dominant selling implants worldwide until recently. A class I device recall by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2019 precipitated a removal of the highest selling implant worldwide, Allergan Biocell, due to a disproportionately increased risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Operative strategies, such as bacterial control at the time of textured implant insertion, have not been credibly shown to affect or prevent the future development of BIA-ALCL. BIA-ALCL patients require complete surgical excision of their disease, whereas textured implant patients who are otherwise asymptomatic do not require surgical removal. For suspicious cases, diagnostic testing with CD30 immunohistochemistry should be performed before any surgical intervention. Capsules are evaluated with 12 strategic regional biopsies in a standardized approach. If surgeons are revising or exchanging textured implants, they may reasonably consider a total capsulectomy, though this is not advocated by the Food and Drug Administration or national societies, and has not been shown to mitigate future risk of BIA-ALCL. The purpose of this article is to review data on and outcomes for textured surface implants, disease-associated risk, and the management strategy for revisionary surgery and device surveillance.SUMMARY: Proper management of symptomatic textured implant patients is critical to identify and treat associated oncologic disease. Textured surface breast implants were first introduced more than 50 years ago in an effort to decrease high rates of capsular contracture and implant malposition observed with first-generation smooth surface breast implants. Textured implants were dominant over smooth devices in the United States in the late 1990s, but they fell out of favor for newer-generation smooth implants, while texture remained the dominant selling implants worldwide until recently. A class I device recall by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2019 precipitated a removal of the highest selling implant worldwide, Allergan Biocell, due to a disproportionately increased risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Operative strategies, such as bacterial control at the time of textured implant insertion, have not been credibly shown to affect or prevent the future development of BIA-ALCL. BIA-ALCL patients require complete surgical excision of their disease, whereas textured implant patients who are otherwise asymptomatic do not require surgical removal. For suspicious cases, diagnostic testing with CD30 immunohistochemistry should be performed before any surgical intervention. Capsules are evaluated with 12 strategic regional biopsies in a standardized approach. If surgeons are revising or exchanging textured implants, they may reasonably consider a total capsulectomy, though this is not advocated by the Food and Drug Administration or national societies, and has not been shown to mitigate future risk of BIA-ALCL. The purpose of this article is to review data on and outcomes for textured surface implants, disease-associated risk, and the management strategy for revisionary surgery and device surveillance

What are the implications of implementation science for medical education?

© 2015 David W. Price et al. Background: Derived from multiple disciplines and established in industries outside of medicine, Implementation Science (IS) seeks to move evidence-based approaches into widespread use to enable improved outcomes to be realized as quickly as possible by as many as possible. Methods: This review highlights selected IS theories and models, chosen based on the experience of the authors, that could be used to plan and deliver medical education activities to help learners better implement and sustain new knowledge and skills in their work settings. Results: IS models, theories and approaches can help medical educators promote and determine their success in achieving desired learner outcomes. We discuss the importance of incorporating IS into the training of individuals, teams, and organizations, and employing IS across the medical education continuum. Challenges and specific strategies for the application of IS in educational settings are also discussed. Conclusions: Utilizing IS in medical education can help us better achieve changes in competence, performance, and patient outcomes. IS should be incorporated into curricula across disciplines and across the continuum of medical education to facilitate implementation of learning. Educators should start by selecting, applying, and evaluating the teaching and patient care impact one or two IS strategies in their work

Minute dosages of ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles impair Vx-2 tumor angiogenesis and development in rabbits

Fumagillin suppresses angiogenesis in cancer models and clinical trials, but it is associated with neurotoxicity at systemic doses. In this study, ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles were used to suppress the neovasculature and inhibit Vx-2 adenocarcinoma development using minute drug doses. Tumor-bearing rabbits were treated on days 6, 9, and 12 postimplantation with ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles (30 μg/kg), ανβ3-targeted nanoparticles without drug, nontargeted fumagillin nanoparticles (30 μg/kg) or saline. On day 16, MRI was performed with ανβ3-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles to quantify tumor size and assess neovascularity. Tumor volume was reduced among rabbits receiving ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles (470±120 mm3) compared with the three control groups: nontargeted fumagillin nanoparticles (1370±300 mm3, P<0.05), ανβ3-targeted nanoparticles without drug (1080±180 mm3, P<0.05) and saline (980±80 mm3, P<0.05). MR molecular imaging of control rabbits (no fumagillin) revealed a predominant peripheral distribution of neovascularity representing 7.2% of the tumor rim volume, which decreased to 2.8% (P<0.05) with ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticle treatment. Microscopically, the tumor parenchyma tended to show T-cell infiltration after targeted fumagillin treatment, which was not appreciated in control animals. These results suggest that ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles could provide a safe and effective means to deliver MetAP2 inhibitors alone or in combination with cytotoxic or immunotherapy.—Winter, P. M., Schmieder, A. H., Caruthers, S. D., Keene, J. L., Zhang, H., Wickline, S. A., Lanza, G. M. Minute dosages of ανβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles impair Vx-2 tumor angiogenesis and development in rabbits

αvβ3-Targeted nanotherapy suppresses inflammatory arthritis in mice

The purpose of this study was to assess whether an alternative treatment approach that targets angiogenesis, delivered through ligand-targeted nanotherapy, would ameliorate inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis was induced using the K/BxN mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. After arthritis was clearly established, mice received three consecutive daily doses of αvβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles. Control groups received no treatment or αvβ3-targeted nanoparticles without drugs. Disease score and paw thickness were measured daily. Mice that received αvβ3-targeted fumagillin nanoparticles showed a significantly lower disease activity score (mean score of 1.4±0.4; P<0.001) and change in ankle thickness (mean increase of 0.17±0.05 mm; P<0.001) 7 d after arthritis induction, whereas the group that received αvβ3-targeted nanoparticles without drugs exhibited a mean arthritic score of 9.0 ± 0.3 and mean change in ankle thickness of 1.01 ± 0.09 mm. Meanwhile, the group that received no treatment showed a mean arthritic score of 9.8 ± 0.5 and mean change in ankle thickness of 1.05 ± 0.10 mm. Synovial tissues from animals treated with targeted fumagillin nanoparticles also showed significant decrease in inflammation and angiogenesis and preserved proteoglycan integrity. Ligand-targeted nanotherapy to deliver antiangiogenic agents may represent an effective way to treat inflammatory arthritis.—Zhou, H.-F., Chan, H. W., Wickline, S. A., Lanza, G. M., Pham, C. T. N. αvβ3-Targeted nanotherapy suppresses inflammatory arthritis in mice