Biocybersecurity and Deterrence: Hypothetical Rwandan Considerations

Digitalization and sustainability are popular words within modern disciplines as practitioners each look toward the future of their respective fields. Specifically for the African continent, which is making great strides in developmental targets, those two terms are central to core aspects of policy initiatives that may foster cooperation across its varied lands and nations. One of the underlying challenges that confront Africa is a lack of strong regional integration across socioeconomic and political programs; there is value in African regions having more regional connectedness. We assess the rate of regional integration and development in Africa and discuss how to alleviate development crises that could be accelerated by deploying a sustainable cybersecurity strategy, which increasingly includes the bioeconomy and its components. This can be done through the application of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and modern biotechnology. This work suggests that political and socio-economic activities associated with regional integration must be seen as an all-encompassing task that transcends beyond national boundaries towards a cyber biodefense fortification and increases in 4IR technological integration. This has the aim of thereby encompassing efforts to persuade leaders to fast-track policies that seek to promote geospatial cyberinfrastructure, integrative cybersecurity considerations, cross-border digitalization programs, and increased need for cybersecurity research and education, with mindfulness towards education and further integration of mindful automation. In conclusion, a model of integrative security is proposed for Africa

Analysis of the Impact of Tourism on the West Africa Economy: A Panel Data Approach

Tourism and related recreation activities play a significant role in the generation of income / foreign exchange and provision of employment opportunities. Against this backdrop, this paper aims at ascertaining empirically the impact of tourism on the West African economy from 2000 – 2004. The relationship is analysed based on a panel data approach. While the study estimates the relationship between economic growth and growth in tourist arrivals conditional on main macroeconomic variables, it recommends that the role of tourism cannot be over-emphasized in the sustainable economic development in West Africa. In other words, economic performance in West Africa can be enhanced through sound tourism development policies that support economic openness with greater emphasis on liberalization policy since the region stands to gain from this policy stance

Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: issues and options for the Nigeria’s tourism industry

Opiniones y ensayo

Analysis of the Impact of Tourism on the West Africa Economy: A Panel Data Approach

Tourism and related recreation activities play a significant role in the generation of income / foreign exchange and provision of employment opportunities. Against this backdrop, this paper aims at ascertaining empirically the impact of tourism on the West African economy from 2000 – 2004. The relationship is analysed based on a panel data approach. While the study estimates the relationship between economic growth and growth in tourist arrivals conditional on main macroeconomic variables, it recommends that the role of tourism cannot be over-emphasized in the sustainable economic development in West Africa. In other words, economic performance in West Africa can be enhanced through sound tourism development policies that support economic openness with greater emphasis on liberalization policy since the region stands to gain from this policy stance

Analysis of Anthropogenic Impediments to African Forest Ecosystems Conservation: Case of Gambari Forest Ecosystem, Ibadan, Nigeria

Gambari Forest Reserve (GFR) is located in Oyo State, in the south-western region of Nigeria, in the Mamu locality (Gambari Forest), co-ordinate 3.7 and 3.9E” and latitude 7°26 1 N and longitude 3°5 1 E. i.e. 17 km South-East of Ibadan, along the Ibadan/Ijebu-Ode road. The major taxa studies for this research include the forest tree species forest ecosystem in Gambari Forest Reserve, such as: Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena glauca, Gliricidia sepium,Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Swietenia macrophylla, Acacia spp., Albizia spp., Cassia siamea, and Pithecellobium saman. 200 key respondents participated in this study, which were drawn from the seven main communities namely Ibusogboro, Oloowa, Daley North and south, Onipe, Mamu, Olubi and Onipanu respectively. The results revealed that there are significant anthropogenic interventions taking place in the study area. It is therefore imperative to conserve and safeguard GFR ecosystem resources, as ensuring that ecosystem services and biodiversity function at optimum levels. This study therefore recommends continued research to be undertaken, in addition to consistent monitoring and conserving our fragile forest resources, with the aim of achieving optimum functioning and service delivery

Vector Autoregressive Modeling of Agricultural Commodity Trade: The Case of Africa’s Exports to the United States

It is pertinent to note that trade in agricultural commodities still dominates the export scene of the African economies. Moreover, the agricultural sector constitutes a significant part of the whole economy and employs a considerable proportion of the labour force. Furthermore, increasing agricultural exports is an intermediate step toward restoring external balance of payments equilibrium, a central component of most economic structural adjustment programmes (ESAP) initiated in the 1980s and 1990s. Against this backdrop, the major objective of this research is to increase our understanding of the specification and estimation of agricultural commodity trade models as well as to provide veritable tools for trade policy analysis. More specifically, the study aims at building a set of dynamic, theory-based econometric models which are able to capture both short-run and long-run effects of income and price changes, and which can be used for prediction and policy simulation under alternative assumed conditions In this study, the methodology to be adopted will be a relatively unrestricted, data determined, econometric modeling approach based on the vector autoregressive process, which is very popular for modeling multiple time series. Further, econometric models will be constructed for SSA‘s agricultural exports to the United States (U.S). In an attempt to provide a broad-based commodity coverage, this study will also explore whether the chosen modeling approach is able to capture the essentials of the behavioural relationships underlying the SSA-US trade flow. The study will show that vector autoregressive processes are well suited for the study of agricultural trade flows, which are typically non-stationary time series. Furthermore, the research will reveal the importance of inspection of the time series properties and the examination of both short- and long-run adjustment when studying trade functions. Finally, it is crucial to note that the different dynamic responses will often be critical to the outcomes of the types of trade policies considered

An economic development strategy for West Africa: lessons and policy directions

This thesis presents existing published work examining the coherent theme of the pertinent issues on economic development in West Africa. The seven distinct and thematically related papers span over six years of study into the issues relating to the socio-economic context of development in West Africa. Each of the papers discusses salient aspects of regional development in selected West African economies. This thesis has contributed to knowledge in the academic literature on: The importance of health-responsive development policies in enhancing agricultural transformation. The role of crude oil in augmenting economic performance. The importance of export diversification in fostering intra-trade expansion and economic growth. The role of agricultural trade policy options in facilitating economic expansion: the case of rice The contribution of standards to enhancing market access and economic development: the cocoa case study The importance of the African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) in promoting market access and economic performance G.O.A. Odularu: Ph.D Thesis – An Economic Development Strategy for West Africa: Lessons and Policy Directions vi The contribution of Saemaul Undong Model to enhancing rural development policy space. The thesis has attempted to provide an answer to the question: How can regional economic development be achieved in West Africa? The critical review and analyses of the issues examined in each of the papers provide deep insights into the drivers of economic transformation in West Africa. In an attempt to respond to this research question, this thesis proposes a workable strategy for fostering economic development, but cautions that the success of the strategy is contingent on a strong political will, coupled with an effective coordination and cooperation at national and regional levels. The thesis concludes that the proposed transformation plan must be innovation led by strategically reconstructing the rural communities where economic potentials are yet to be exploited. Keywords: Agriculture, Crude oil, Export diversification, AGOA, CAADP, Saemaul Undong Model, West Afric